[78] Arrian says that the attack of the Macedonians upon Thebes was made by Perdiccas, without orders from Alexander; and that the capture was effected in a short time and with no labour on the part of the captors (ch. ix.). But Diodorus says that Alexander ordered and arranged the assault, that the Thebans made a brave and desperate resistance for a long time, and that not only the Boeotian allies, but the Macedonians themselves committed great slaughter of the besieged (_Diod._ xvii. 11-14). It is probable that Ptolemy, who was Arrian’s authority, wished to exonerate Alexander from the guilt of destroying Thebes. [79] Amyntas was one of Alexander’s leading officers. He and his brothers were accused of being accomplices in the plot of Philotas, but were acquitted. He was however soon afterwards killed in a skirmish (_Arrian_, iii. 27). [80] The mythical founder of the walls of Thebes. See _Pausanias_ (ix. 17). [81] The Thebans had incurred the enmity of the other Boeotians by treating them as subjects instead of allies. They had destroyed the restored Plataea, and had been the chief enemies of the Phocians in the Sacred War, which ended in the subjugation of that people by Philip. See Smith’s _History of Greece_, pp. 467, 473, 506. [82] More than 500 Macedonians were killed, while 6,000 Thebans were slain, and 30,000 sold into slavery. See Aelian (_Varia Historia_, xiii. 7); _Diodorus_ (xvii. 14); _Pausanias_ (viii. 30); Plutarch (_Life of Alexander_, 11). The sale of the captives realized 440 talents, or about £107,000; and Justin (xi. 4) says that large sums were offered from feelings of hostility towards Thebes on the part of the bidders. [83] B.C. 415-413. See Grote’s _Greece_, vol. vii. [84] B.C. 405. See _Thucydides_ (ii. 13); Xenophon (_Hellenics_, ii. 2). [85] By Conon’s victory at Cnidus, B.C. 394. [86] At Leuctra they lost 400 Spartans and 1,000 other Lacedaemonians. See Xen. (_Hellen._, vi. 4). [87] The Achaeans, Eleans, Athenians, and some of the Arcadians, were allies of Sparta at this crisis, B.C. 369. See Xen. (_Hellen._, vii. 5); _Diodorus_ (xv. 85). [88] B.C. 426. See _Thuc._, iii. 52, etc. [89] B.C. 416 and 421. See _Thuc._, v. 32, 84, etc. [90] These persons must have forgotten that Alexander’s predecessor and namesake had served in the army of Xerxes along with the Thebans. See _Herodotus_ vii. 173. [91] Plutarch (_Lysander_, 15) says that the Theban Erianthus moved that Athens should be destroyed. [92] See Aelian (_Varia Historia_, xii. 57). [93] Plutarch (_Alexander_, 13) tells us that Alexander was afterwards sorry for his cruelty to the Thebans. He believed that he had incurred the wrath of Dionysus, the tutelary deity of Thebes, who incited him to kill his friend Clitus, and induced his soldiers to refuse to follow him into the interior of India.