[113] The celebrated general, mentioned already in chap. 10. [114] Son of Amyntas, a Macedonian of Pella. He was the most intimate friend of Alexander, with whom he had been brought up. Cf. Aelian (_Varia Historia_, xii. 7). [115] Plutarch (_Life of Alex._, 15), says that Alexander also went through the ceremony, still customary in his own day, of anointing himself with oil and running up to the tomb naked. Cf. Aelian (_Varia Historia_, x. 4) Cicero (_Pro Archia_, ch. 10). [116] By Pindar and Bacchylides. [117] See Xenophon’s _Anabasis_, Book ii. [118] A town in the Macedonia district of Mygdonia, south of Lake Bolbe. It is now called Polina. [119] We find from _Diodorus_ (xvii. 7), that the Persian king had subsidized this great general and 5,000 Greek mercenaries to protect his seaboard from the Macedonians. Before the arrival of Alexander, he had succeeded in checking the advance of Parmenio and Callas. If Memnon had lived and his advice been adopted by Darius, the fate of Persia might have been very different. Cf. Plutarch (_Life of Alex._, 18). [120] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 18) says that Memnon, while advising the Persian generals to lay waste the country, and to prevent the Macedonians from advancing through scarcity of provisions, also urged them to carry a large force into Greece and Macedonia, and thus transfer the war into Europe. [121] The Granicus rises in Mount Ida, and falls into the Propontis near Cyzicus. Ovid (_Metam._, xi. 763) calls it _Granicus bicornis_. [122] This was a brigade of about 1,000 men. See _Livy_, xxxvii. 42. [123] ὑποφθάσομεν. This future is used by the later writers for the Attic ὑποφθήσομαι. It is found however in Xenophon. [124] Craterus was one of Alexander’s best generals. On the death of the king he received the government of Macedonia and Greece in conjunction with Antipater, whose daughter he married. He fell in battle against Eumenes (B.C. 321). [125] Calas was appointed viceroy of Phrygia. He consequently took no further part in Alexander’s campaigns after this. [126] Alexander had three generals named Philip, two of whom are mentioned here as sons of Amyntas and Menelaüs. The third was son of Machatas, and was left in India as viceroy. [127] Son of Tyrimmas, was commander of the Odrysian cavalry. See iii. 12 infra. [128] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 19) says that the Persian cavalry numbered 10,000, and their infantry 100,000. Both these numbers are inaccurate. We know from _Arrian_ (chaps. 12 and 13) that the Persian infantry was inferior in number to that of Alexander.