[129] This is an Homeric name for Mars the war-god. In _Homer_ Ares is the Trojan and Enyalius the Grecian war-god. Hence they are mentioned as different in Aristophanes (_Pax_, 457). See Paley’s note on _Homer_ (vii. 166). As to the practice of shouting the war-cry to Mars before battle, see Xenophon (_Anab._, i. 8, 18; v. 2, 14). The Scholiast on _Thucydides_ (i. 50) says that the Greeks used to sing two paeans, one to Mars before battle, another to Apollo after it. [130] ὡς ἀνυστόν = ὡς δυνατόν. Cf. _Arrian_, iv. 12, 6; Xenophon (_Anab._, i. 8, 11; _Res. Laced._, i. 3). [131] ξυνειστήκει μάχη. This is a common expression with Arrian, copied from _Herodotus_ (i. 74, _et passim_). [132] Plutarch (_Alex._, 16); _Diodorus_ (xvii. 20). [133] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 21) says that more than 10,000 of the Persian infantry were killed, and 2,000 cavalry; and that more than 20,000 were made prisoners. [134] Her name was Statira. [135] An important city in Macedonia on the Thermaic gulf, named after a temple of Zeus. [136] Lysippus of Sicyon was one of the most famous of Greek statuaries. None of his works remain, inasmuch as they were all executed in bronze. Alexander published an edict that no one should paint his portrait but Apelles, and that no one should make a statue of him but Lysippus. When Metellus conquered Macedonia, he removed this group of bronze statues to Rome, to decorate his own portico. See Pliny (_Nat. Hist._, xxxiv. 19); _Velleius Paterculus_ (i. 11). [137] As most of the infantry on the Persian side were Grecian mercenaries, who, according to _Plutarch_, fought with desperate valour, and, according to _Arrian_ himself, all the infantry were killed except 2,000, the number of Alexander’s slain must have been larger than Arrian here states. [138] At Corinth, B.C. 336. [139] For the fact that the Acropolis of Athens was often called simply _polis_, see _Thucydides_, ii. 15; Xenophon (_Anab._ vii. 1, 27); _Antiphon_ (146, 2); Aristophanes (_Equites_, 1093; _Lysistrata_, 758). [140] A city at the foot of Mount Ida. [141] A city of Bithynia, on the Propontis. [142] About eight miles. [143] This river flows through Phrygia and Lydia, and falls into the gulf of Smyrna. Its present name is Kodus-Çhai. See Vergil (_Georg._, ii. 137); _Silius_, i. 159; Claudian (_Raptus Proserpinae_, ii. 67). [144] Nearly two-and-a-half miles. [145] For a description of this fortress, see _Herodotus_, i. 84. [146] Memnon had succeeded his brother Mentor as governor for the Persian king of the territory near the Hellespont. See _Diodorus_, xvii. 7. [147] This man took refuge with Darius, and distinguished himself at the battle of Issus. See Plutarch (_Alex._, 20); _Curtius_, iii. 28. He met with his death soon after in Egypt. See _Arrian_, ii. 6 and 13; _Diod._, xvii. 48.