[167] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 25) says that this incident occurred in the night, which is scarcely probable. Compare the conduct of the two centurions Pulfio and Varenus in the country of the Nervii. Cæsar (_Gallic War_, v. 44). [168] Compare the sieges of Avaricum, Gergovia, and Alesia by Cæsar (_Gallic War_, lib. vii.); and that of Saguntum by Hannibal. See _Livy_, xxi. 7-15. [169] This use of ἀμφί with the Dative, is poetical. The Attic writers use περί with the Accusative. Cf. ii. 3, 8; iii. 30, 1. [170] There were at least four generals in Alexander’s army of this name. The one here mentioned was probably not the famous son of Lagus. [171] _Diodorus_ (xvii. 25-27) gives a very different account of the last struggle of the besieged in Halicarnassus. When the leaders saw that they must eventually succumb, they made a last desperate effort to destroy Alexander’s military engines. Ephialtes, the eminent Athenian exile, headed the sally, which was effected by troops simultaneously issuing from all the gates at daybreak. The advanced guard of the Macedonians, consisting of young troops, were put to rout; but the veterans of Philip restored the battle under a man named Atharrias. Ephialtes was slain, and his men driven back into the city. [172] Hecatomnus, king of Caria, left three sons, Mausolus, Hidrieus, and Pixodarus; and two daughters, Artemisia and Ada. Artemisia married Mausolus, and Ada married Hidrieus. All these children succeeded their father in the sovereignty, Pixodarus being the last surviving son. [173] Amyntas, king of Macedonia, grandfather of Alexander the Great, adopted the celebrated Athenian general Iphicrates, in gratitude to him as the preserver of Macedonia. See Aeschines (_De Falsa Legatione_, pp. 249, 250). [174] See _Arrian_, ii. 20 infra. [175] The Marmarians alone defended their city with desperate valour. They finally set fire to it, and escaped through the Macedonian camp to the mountains. See _Diodorus_ (xvii. 28). As to Xanthus the river, see Homer (_Iliad_, ii. 877; vi. 172); Horace (_Carm._, iv. 6, 26). [176] Lycia was originally called Milyas; but the name was afterwards applied to the high table in the north of Lycia, extending into Pisidia. See _Herodotus_, i. 173. [177] Phaselis was a seaport of Lycia on the Gulf of Pamphylia. It is now called Tekrova. [178] He also crowned with garlands the statue of Theodectes the rhetorician, which the people of Phaselis, his native city, had erected to his memory. This man was a friend and pupil of Aristotle, the tutor of Alexander. See Plutarch (_Life of Alex._, 17); Aristotle (_Nicom. Ethics_, vii. 7).