[148] The temple of Artemis at Ephesus had been burnt down by Herostratus in the night on which Alexander was born (Oct. 13-14, B.C. 356), and at this time was being restored by the joint efforts of the Ionian cities. See _Strabo_, xiv. 1. Heropythus and Syrphax are not mentioned by any other writers. [149] This was the Carian Magnesia, situated on the Lethaeus, a tributary of the Maeander. Tralles was on the Eudon, another tributary of the Maeander. See _Juvenal_, iii. 70. [150] Lysimachus was of mean origin, his father having been a serf in Sicily. He was one of Alexander’s confidential body-guards, and on the death of the great king obtained Thrace as his portion of the dismembered empire. In conjunction with Seleucus he won the battle of Ipsus, by which he obtained a great part of Asia Minor. He ultimately acquired all the European dominions of Alexander in addition to Asia Minor; but in his eightieth year he was defeated and slain by Seleucus at the battle of Corus, B.C. 281. Sintenis was the first to substitute _Lysimachus_ for _Antimachus_, the reading of the MSS. Cf. vi. 28 infra. [151] Eleven in number. See _Herodotus_, i. 149-151. [152] Thirteen in number, of which Miletus and Ephesus were the chief in importance. [153] For the celebrated interview of Alexander with Apelles at Ephesus, see Aelian (_Varia Historia_, ii. 3). [154] Cf. _Herodotus_, vi. 7. Here the Persians destroyed the Ionic fleet, B.C. 497. [155] Famous for the victory won near it by Leotychides and Xanthippus over the Persians, B.C. 479. [156] Cf. Vergil (_Aeneid_, vi. 3). _Obvertunt pelago proras._ See Conington’s note. [157] _Strabo_ (xiv. 1) says that Miletus had four harbours. [158] ἐφομαρτούντων. This word is rare in prose. See Homer (_Iliad_, viii. 191); _Apollonius Rhodius_, i. 201. [159] Miletus lay nearly ten miles south of the mouth of the Maeander. [160] A similar stratagem was used by Lysander at Aegospotami, B.C. 405. See Xenophon (_Hellenics_, ii. 1). [161] Iassus was a city in Caria on the Iassian Gulf, founded by the Argives and further colonized by the Milesians. [162] Caria formed the south-west angle of Asia Minor. The Greeks asserted that the Carians were emigrants from Crete. We learn from Thucydides and Herodotus that they entered the service of foreign rulers. They formed the body-guard of queen Athaliah, who had usurped the throne and stood in need of foreign mercenaries. The word translated in our Bible in 2 Kings xi. 4, 19 as _captains_, ought to be rendered _Carians_. See Fuerst’s _Hebrew Lexicon_, _sub voce_ כָּרִֽי [163] Now called Budrum. It was the birthplace of the historians Herodotus and Dionysius. [164] Little more than half a mile. [165] Now called Melasso, a city of Caria, about ten miles from the Gulf of Iassus. [166] A colony of Troezen, on the western extremity of the same peninsula on which stood Halicarnassus.