The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.Butler, Joseph
Religion
The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.
Butler, Joseph
Analogy (Religion); Apologetics -- Early works to 1800; Eschatology; Natural theology; Revelation
3.) This ignorance is universally acknowledged, except in
arguing against religion. That it ought to be a valid answer to
objections against religion, we proceed to show.
--Suppose it to be asserted that all evils might have been
prevented by repeated interpositions; or that more good might
have been so produced; which would be the utmost that could
be said: still,
--Our ignorance would vindicate religion from any objections
arising from apparent disorders in the world.
--The government of the world might be _good_, even on those
suppositions; for at most they could but suggest that it
might be _better_.
--At any rate, they are mere assertions.
--Instances may be alleged, in things much less out of reach,
of suppositions palpably impossible, which _all_ do not see
to be so: nor _any, at first sight_.
4.) It follows that our ignorance is a satisfactory answer to
all objections against the divine government.
--An objection against an act of Providence, no way connected
with any other thing, as being unjust, could not be answered
by our ignorance.
--But when the objection is made against an act related to
other and unknown acts, then our ignorance is a full answer.
--Some unknown relation, or unknown impossibility, may render
the act not only good, but good in the highest degree.
II. _Consider some particular things, in the natural government of God,
the like of which we may infer, by analogy, to be contained in his
moral government._
=1.= No ends are accomplished without means.
1.) Often, means very disagreeable bring the most desirable
results.
2.) How means produce ends, is not learned by reason, but
experience.
3.) In many cases, before experience, we should have expected
contrary results.
4.) Hence we may infer that those things which are objected
against God’s moral government, produce good.
5.) It is evident that our not seeing _how_ the means work
good, or their seeming to have an opposite effect, offers no
presumption against their fitness to work good.
6.) They may not only be fit, but the _only_ means of ultimate
good.
_Objec._ Though our capacity of vice and misery may promote
virtue, and _our_ suffering for sin be better than if we were
restrained by force, yet it would have been better if evil had
not entered the world.
_Ans._ It is granted that though sinful acts may produce
benefits, to refrain from them would produce more. We have
curative pains, yet pain is not better than health.
=2.= Natural government is carried on by general laws.
1.) Nature shows that this is best: all the good we enjoy is
because there are general laws. They enable us to _forecast_
for the procurement of good.
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