The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
The lymph vessels of the intestines take up the emulsified fat. This
emulsion in birds is colorless. The vessels pass upward along the
mesenteric arteries. There are no mesenteric glands. These vessels form
a plexus around the arteria celiaca. The lymph vessels of the posterior
extremities accompany the artery, especially the anterior iliaca
externa, and empty into the thoracic duct at the point of the anterior
iliaco-communis.
The lymph vessels in birds are numerous. The lymph glands are few. They
are only visibly found in the anterior breast and the neck region, and
sometimes in the wings. Lymph follicles are numerous in the intestines.
The thin walls of the lacteals, of the lymph vessels, and of the
thoracic duct are made up of two tunics, the inner being the thinner and
weaker.
The lymphatics of the foot unite to form the vessels along the sides of
each toe. In palmipedes there are anastomosing branches which pass from
the lateral vessels of one toe to those of the adjoining toe, forming
arches in the uniting web of the foot. These branches form a small
plexus at the anterior part of the digito-metatarsal joint, from which
pass three or four lymph vessels. The anterior and internal branches
accompany and form a network around the blood-vessels. The posterior and
external branches receive the lymphatic vessels from the sole of the
foot. They then ascend along the metatarsus and form, at its proximal
articulation, a close network from which vessels pass along the tibial
region, forming a plexus around it as far as the middle of the leg. From
this there arises two branches. The smaller passes along the anterior
part of the depression between the tibia and the fibula, as far as the
knee-joint, where it joins the other branch, which accompanies the
blood-vessel. The trunk formed by the union of these two vessels
accompanies the femoral vessels. Forming plexuses in its course, it
receives tributary vessels from the adjacent muscles. The iliac trunk
accompanies the femoral vein into the abdominal cavity, entering just in
front of the anterior end of the pubis. At this point it receives
branches from the lateral parts of the pelvis and then separates into
two branches. The posterior vessel receives some lymph from the anterior
lobes of the kidney, and from the ovary, or testis, and communicates
anteriorly with a branch formed by the lymph vessels adjacent to the
anterior mesenteric artery, and posteriorly with a large vesicular
plexus surrounding the aorta and its branches. This plexus receives the
lymph from the renal plexus and from those accompanying the arteria
media.
There are two sacral or pelvic vesicles which are situated at the angle
between the tail and the thigh in the posterior part of the abdominal
cavity. Each vesicle is a trifle more than a half inch long and a
quarter inch wide, and is shaped somewhat like a kidney bean. They have
muscular coats with striated fibers. These sacs are called “lymph
hearts.”
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