The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
this latter process the size of the hemophage gradually decreases. The
hemoglobin, which has escaped into the cytoplasm of the hemophage, is
seen to undergo a series of changes. At first the greater part of the
pigment does not give the iron reaction but retains its yellow-bronze
tone with erythrosin and occupies vacuoles of various sizes. Later the
contents of the vacuoles give the iron reaction and with increasing
intensity. Later there is a gradual decrease in the staining reaction
indicating that the iron gradually disappears from the cells which
extracted it from the red blood cells it digests. As a summary we find,
that these cells take care of the worn out red blood cells. They devour
them; hemolyze them, destroying the stroma and nucleus; split the
hemoglobin and free the iron; and then finally return to their normal
form.
The spleen contains the same type cells, but they are fewer in number.
For the most part they are confined to the pulp cords and have no such
evident relation to the vessel wall, or lumen, as in the liver.
The function of the cells of the spleen are essentially the same as
those in the liver.
Iron freed from the worn out red blood cells is not retained by the
cells freeing it, nor is it found in the bile. It does not occur
elsewhere in the tissues of the liver and spleen. It is possibly
discharged into the blood stream, and transported to the hemapoietic
tissues. Cells which hemolyze red blood cells and liberate the iron are
to be seriously thought of in connection with bile formation since
bilirubin is approximately, if not identical with, iron-free hematoidon.
NEUROLOGY
=The Nervous System.=—The nervous system is an apparatus by means of
which animals appreciate and become influenced by impressions from the
outer world. Animals react on these impressions, and thus are enabled to
adapt themselves to their environment. This system is the organic
substratum of life, sensation, and motion. Broadly stated, the nervous
system connects the various parts of the body with each other, and to
coördinate the parts into a harmonious whole in order to carry on the
bodily functions methodically and to control the physiological division
of labor throughout the organism.
The nervous system consists of two parts. The first is the
_cerebro-spinal system_, which comprises the central nervous axis,
including the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves,
including the cranial and the spinal nerves. The second is the
_sympathetic nervous system_. The two parts of the system are closely
linked together, and both terminate in peripheral nerve endings,
including those of special sense, of sensation, and of motion.
The cerebro-spinal nerves especially preside over the special senses,
motion and sensation; and the sympathetic over the digestive, the
pulmonary, and the vascular apparatus.
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