The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
In the liver, under low-power magnification, these cells appear as blue
patches, sharply differentiated from the red-stained parenchyma. These
cells are larger in their greater diameter than the liver cells. They
vary much in size and form. They bear a constant relationship to the
venous capillaries, and often appear to occupy the lumen of the vessels.
Under higher magnification it is noted, however, that each cell is an
integral part of the endothelial intima lining of the capillaries. They
are therefore fixed tissue cells, engaged by one of its surfaces upon
the reticulum of the vessel wall, with a free surface bulging a greater
or less degree into the lumen of the vessel. The attached surface of the
cell follows exactly the line of the vessel wall. These cells are
similar to those described for mammals by Kupffer and are called Kupffer
cells or stellate cells. In the fowl Keys proposes the name hemophages.
The nucleus of the hemophage stains a deep garnet with the carmine used
in the above-given technic, and contains two or three very distinct and
intensely stained nucleoli. In the hemophages, which are more nearly
flat, the nucleus appears like those of the typical endothelial cells;
whereas in the protruding hemophages of greater bulk, the nucleus is
more vesicular and is irregularly pyramidal in form. Rarely two nuclei
are found in one cell. Within this cell may be seen vacuoles of the
cytoplasm which contain red blood corpuscles. These blood corpuscles
have been phagocyted from the circulating blood stream. Approximately
one-third of the intimal cells are hemophages. Each hemophage displays
evidence that it contains, or has recently contained, one or more red
blood cells. The cell body of the hemophage has no fixed morphology, but
changes from time to time according to its phase of phagocytic activity.
In a stage which the hemophage has recently ingested a red blood cell,
the cell body bulges out into the lumen of the vessel and the nucleus is
crowded to one side. At this time the red blood cell appears as those in
the blood stream and possesses the characteristic staining reactions.
The nucleus of the red blood cell stains deep reddish brown and the
cytoplasm an even yellow bronze. In the next stage the cytoplasm of the
hemophage gives a diffuse Prussian-blue reaction. Then in hemophages
which represent later stages there are various stages of disintegration
and digestion of the red blood cell. The first changes of the phagocyted
red blood cell is hemolysis, the hemoglobin escaping into vacuoles of
the cytoplasm of the phagocytic cell, leaving the nucleus-containing
stroma distinctly outlined. The stroma may retain the original ovoid
form or may become spherical; the nucleus in such instances remains
ovoid. Gradually, both the stroma and nucleus lose their staining
reaction until finally the vacuoles contract about a small indistinct
remnant of the nucleus, which in its turn ultimately disappears. During
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