The facialis, after emerging from the aqueduct of Fallopius, takes a curved course and partly fuses with the sympathetic temporo-lacrimalis on the upper posterior wall of the ear drum. It is here accompanied by the carotid and the cephalic arteries. It leaves the ear drum through an opening in the quadrate bone, giving off a large branch to the digastricus muscle and a small one to the stapedius of the columella auris. The facialis trunk is quite large. It then passes downward along the quadrate bone, where it receives a large branch from the glosso-pharyngeus. This nerve also gives branches to the mylo-hyoideus and the stylo-hyoideus muscle, crosses laterally the glosso-pharyngeus, and finally fuses with branches of the subcutaneous and with the first, the second, the third, and the fourth cervical nerves. After this fusion the nerves innervate the skin of the anterior of the neck and the constrictor colli muscle. The facialis anastomoses as follows: with a fine branch of the sympathetic temporo-lacrimalis, indirectly with the ramus trigeminus, with the large cervical nerve ganglion and with the spheno-palatine ganglion and nerve. =The Vagus Group.=—The ninth, the tenth, and the eleventh cranial nerves are by some anatomists called the vagus group, first so called by Willis. They are made up of both sensory and motor nerves. =The Glosso-pharyngeus.=—The roots of the glosso-pharyngeus (Fig. 62, No. _C_, 16; Fig. 76, No. 13) emerge, along with those of the vagus, from the medulla oblongata, and enter, as a short trunk, the foramen jugulare et caroticum. Between these two nerves there is usually found a thin portion of bone. The trunk of the glosso-pharyngeus forms a ganglion in the foramen jugulare et caroticum where it receives connecting branches from the near-by ganglion radicis and vagus nerve. The glosso-pharyngeus passes out of the foramen jugulare et caroticum above the large superior sympathetic nerve ganglion, with which it communicates. The glosso-pharyngeus passes diagonally over the ramus temporo-lacrimalis of the sympathetic system, and then receives a very strong branch from the vagus (Fig. 76, No. 12). It sends a short branch to the recurrent lacrimalis of the sympathetic system. At this point there is formed a reddish-yellow ganglion, the petrosal ganglion, which is similar to the petrosal ganglion of mammals. Frequently it is found close below the large superior cervical nerve ganglion. The petrosal ganglion is frequently connected by special fibers with the cervical nerve ganglion, the large superior cervical nerve ganglion and the ganglion radicis vagi. The glosso-pharyngeus is divided into the following branches. First, the recurrent pharyngeus which gives branches to the upper part of the throat and which is tortuous in its course. It receives a branch from the superior cervical nerve ganglion and gives off branches to the salivary glands and papillæ of the posterior tongue region.