Second, the recurrent lingualis, which passes with the lingual artery over the hyoid bone to the base of the tongue and to the papillæ. Another branch passes below the tongue bone and supplies the tongue and the pharynx. The glosso-pharyngeal is a mixed nerve. [Illustration: FIG. 76.—Photograph of spinal cord of a hen. 1, Cerebrum. 2, The olfactory nerve terminating at 3, the turbinated bones. 4, The superior maxillary division of the fifth nerve dividing. 5, The eye with the upper part laid open. 6, The cervical segment. 7, The lumbo-sacral segment. 8, The lungs. 9, The kidneys lying above the peritoneum. 10, The terminal filament of the spinal cord. 11, The hypoglossal nerve. 12, The vagus nerve. 13, The glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 14, The branch from the vagus. ] =The Vagus.=—The vagus, or pneumogastricus (Fig. 18, No. 5; Fig. 62, No. _C_, 17; Fig. 76, No. 12), a mixed nerve, forms a ganglion in the foramen through which it passes. The foramen lies between the os petrosum and os occipitale, close to the foramen jugulare, above and to the inside of it. The ganglionic root of the vagus communicates with the superior cervical nerve ganglion. The vagus, after coming out of the foramen, takes up branches of the spinal accessory, passes to the superior nerve ganglion, crosses the carotid artery, and then, accompanied by the internal jugular, it connects by a branch with the hypoglossal. It then communicates with the petrosal ganglion, and receives a long branch from the superior cervical ganglion. It then extends along the neck with the jugular vein and often fuses with the sympathetic ganglionic plexuses. As it passes, it is interwoven with the glosso-pharyngeus, but each nerve element retains its own individuality. Extending down the neck, on entering the thoracic cavity, it lies between the plexus brachialis and the carotid artery. Then it passes below the subclavian artery, and between the bronchial tubes, the aorta pulmonalis, and the subclavian vein. Then ventrally it rests upon the glands, and the right and the left vagi fuse or unite. From here they radiate down to the stomach in fan-shape, and, continuing, they fuse with the sympathetic system. The other branches of the vagus are: The first branch is the recurrent laryngeus, which supplies the lower end of the bronchial tubes, and the esophagus, then enters above the bronchus near the origin of the subclavian artery as the recurrent cardiacus. The second are the recurrent pulmonale which pass into the lungs, each fusing with its fellow from the opposite side, and giving off branches inferior to the vena cava including a branch to the heart. The third are the recurrent hepatici which pass through the diaphragm and are distributed to the liver.