The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
In the series note the changed development of the lung rudiments, the
glottis, the esophagus, the trachea, and the bronchi. The bronchi appear
in pairs. Note that the liver has assumed proportions, and that it
surrounds the common trunk of the vitelline veins, which it divides into
two parts. The sinus venosus lies close to the heart. The ductus venosus
is also surrounded by the liver. Above the tip of the ventricle we note
a dilatation which represents the stomach. The hepatic, or bile duct is
located immediately behind the stomach. This duct is formed by the
fusion of the right and the left duct. Locate, draw, and describe the
pancreas; trace the intestine; locate the splanchnic umbilicus, or yolk
stalk; locate the allantois stalk, and trace its connection with the
hind-gut.
In the series, locate and study the Wolffian ducts, the beginning of the
Müllerian duct, the embryonic kidney, or mesonephros, the permanent
kidney, or metanephros. The urino-genital ridge is made up of all the
above except the last named. The urino-genital ridge forms a rounded
projection on each side of the mesentery into the dorsal angles of the
body cavity.
The Wolffian ducts empty into the cloaca. There are two ducts which may
be traced far forward, and which are found to extend backward along the
lateral margin of the ridge to the cloaca. Along the greater part of
their length we note tubules emptying into them.
Beginning near the anterior end of the urino-genital ridge, we note that
the Müllerian ducts arise from a thickened line of epithelium. The
greater part of the ridge is formed by the mesonephros. This is made up
of a series of tubules in each of which we may distinguish two parts as
follows: a tuft of capillaries from the aorta forming the glomerules,
surrounded by a thin walled invaginated capsule, making up the
Malpighian corpuscle; and the tubules proper. The tubules lead from the
corpuscles, or glomerules, to the Wolffian duct.
The germinal epithelium constitutes the essential portions of the gonad,
or ovary, or testis. The germinal epithelium arises from a thickening of
the peritoneum of the median wall of the ridge. The gonad is found near
the anterior end of the ridge. At about this age of the embryo there
should appear the primitive ovary or testis. Near the posterior
termination of the Wolffian duct and from the dorsal diverticulum there
arises the ureter, or metanephros duct.
In these series there should be studied the heart and circulation, which
will be found similar to the sections from the embryo seventy-two hours
old.
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