The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
=The Carpus.=—The carpus in the domestic fowl is represented by two
bones, ossa carpi, called the _scapho-lunar_, or _os carpi radiale_, and
the _cuneiform_, or _os carpi ulnare_. The scapho-lunar is the smaller
and is located between the radius and metacarpus. The cuneiform is the
larger and is located between the ulna, the radius, and the metacarpus.
The cuneiform is somewhat anvil-like in shape, being provided with a
body and two prongs.
=The Metacarpus.=—The metacarpal bones, or ossa metacarpi, two in
number, are separated at their middle portion, and consolidated at their
extremities. The upper proximal base of the metacarpus is provided with
a tubercle, the tuberculum muscularis, and externally the tuberculum
ulnare ossis metacarpi. The distal end of the metacarpal bone is
provided with a tuberculum articulare.
=The Phalanges.=—The first three fingers only are represented, and these
are rudimentary.
The first finger called the pollex or thumb, consists of but one joint.
It is located on the proximal and outer end of the metacarpal bone. It
has on its proximal end a tubercle, the tuberculum articulare.
The second finger, the best developed, consists of two phalanxes. These
are the main bones extending from the metacarpus. Each articular end is
provided with a _tuberculum articulare_.
The third finger, small, cylindrical in shape, is located at the distal
and inner side of the metacarpal bone.
=THE PELVIC GIRDLE= (Fig. 4, No. 25; Fig. 5, Part II, 6)
The pelvic girdle is made up of three bones as follows: the ilium, the
ischium, and the pubis, all of which are fused in adult life. They are
separate in the baby chick (Fig. 5, Part II, 6). The pelvis together
with the lumbo-sacral vertebræ forms a thin, irregular, shell-like
structure extending superiorly from the tail to the thoracic region. The
sacrum is broad posteriorly and together with the ilium forms the pelvic
roof. The ilium and ischium are its lateral walls.
The top surface of the pelvis shows the _fovea ilio-lumbalis dorsalis_,
which is bounded mesially by the crista ilii. Between it and the spina
lumbalis there is a broad furrow, the bottom of which is formed by the
dorsal surface of the lumbar vertebræ. The _sulcus ilio-lumbalis
dorsalis_ is formed by the rims of the ilia, so that a ridge is
observable. The _cavum ilio-lumbale dorsale_ is formed by the iliac rims
on either side. Anteriorly is the _canalis ilio-lumbalis_, which is
formed by the ilium and the lumbar vertebral spines. It is located
longitudinally to the vertebræ. The anterior opening of this canal is
the larger. Posterior to the _acetabulum_ is the _post-acetabular_
ridge.
The under part of the pelvis presents three distinct regions. The cavity
is divided into the _fovea lumbalis_, or anterior part, the _fovea
ischiadica_, or mesial part, and the _fovea pudendalis_, or posterior
part. Posterior to these is the region called the _planum coccygeum_.
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