The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland. — John Shaqi
The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.Evans, John
History
The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evans, John
Bronze age -- Great Britain; Bronze age -- Ireland; Great Britain -- Antiquities
I have not thought it worth while to enter into all the details of this
controversy, as even to summarise them would occupy more room than I
could spare. It seems to me, however, that a considerable amount of
misconception must have existed in the minds of some of the disputants,
both as to the accepted meaning of the term Bronze Age, as applied not
chronologically, but to a certain stage of civilisation, and as to the
limitation of the objects which can with propriety be referred to that
age. No antiquary of experience will deny that many bronze ornaments,
and even some bronze weapons, remained in use long after iron and even
steel were known, any more than he would deny that the use of stone
for certain purposes continued not only after bronze was known, but
even after iron and steel were in general use, and, in fact, up to
the present time, not only in barbarian but in civilised countries.
Our flint strike-a-lights and our burnishers are still of much the
same character as they were some thousands of years ago, and afford
convincing instances of this persistent use.
The real question at issue is not whether any bronze weapons co-existed
with those of iron and steel in Western Europe, but whether any of
them were there in use at a period when iron and steel were unknown.
Moreover, it is not a question as to whence the knowledge of bronze
was derived, nor whether at the time the Scandinavians or Britons were
using bronze for their tools and weapons, the inhabitants of Greece and
Italy were already acquainted with iron and steel; but it is a question
whether in each individual country there arrived a time when bronze
came into use and for certain purposes superseded stone, while iron
and steel were practically unknown.
This is a question to be solved by evidence, though in the nature of
things that evidence must to some extent be of a negative character.
When barrow after barrow is opened, and weapons of bronze and stone
only are found accompanying the interments, and not a trace of iron
or steel; when hoards of rough metal and broken bronze, together with
the moulds of the bronze-founder and some of his stock-in-trade, are
disinterred, and there is no trace of an iron tool among them—the
presumption is strong that at the time when these men and these
hoards were buried iron was not in use. When, moreover, by a careful
examination of the forms of bronze instruments we can trace a certain
amount of development which is in keeping with the peculiar properties
of bronze and not with those of iron, and we can thus to some extent
fix a kind of chronological succession in these forms, the inference is
that this evolution of form, which must have required a considerable
amount of time, took place without its course being affected by any
introduction of a fresh and qualifying influence in the shape of iron
tools and weapons.
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