Composition of Bronze—Lead absent in early Bronze—Sources of Tin and Copper—Analyses of Bronze Antiquities—Cakes of Copper and Lumps of Metal—Tin discovered in Hoards of Bronze—Ingots of Tin—Methods of Casting—Moulds of Stone for Celts, Palstaves, Daggers, Swords, and Spear-heads—Moulds of Bronze for Palstaves and Celts—The Harty Hoard—Bronze Mould for Gouges—Moulds found in other Countries—Moulds formed of Burnt Clay—Jets or Runners—The Processes for Preparing Bronze Instruments for Use—Rubbers and Whetstones—Decoration—Hammering out and Sharpening the Edges 415 CHAPTER XXII. CHRONOLOGY AND ORIGIN OF BRONZE. Inferences from number of Types—Division of Period into Stages—The Evidence of Hoards—Their different Kinds—Personal, Merchants’, and Founders’—Lists of Principal Hoards—Inferences from them—The Transition from Bronze to Iron—Its probable Date—Duration of Bronze Age—Burial Customs of the Period—Different Views as to the Sources of Bronze Civilisation—Suggested Provinces of Bronze—The Britannic Province—Comparison of British and Continental Types—Foreign Influences in Britain—Its Commercial Relations—Imported Ornaments—Condition of Britain during the Bronze Age—General Summary 455 WOODCUT ILLUSTRATIONS. The references are to the original sources of such cuts as have not been engraved expressly for this book. CHAPTER III. FLAT AND FLANGED CELTS. FIG. PAGE 1. Cyprus 40 2. Butterwick 41 3. Moot Low 44 Llew. Jewitt, F.S.A., “Grave Mounds,” fig. 187. 4. Yorkshire 45 5. Weymouth 46 6. Read 47 7. Suffolk 48 8. Arreton Down 49 _Archæologia_, vol. xxxvi. p. 329. 9. Plymstock 50 10. ” 50 _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxvi. p. 346. 11. Thames 52 12. Norfolk 52 13. Dorsetshire 53 14. Lewes 53 _Arch. Journ._, vol. xviii. p. 167. 15. Ely 53 16. Barrow 54 17. Liss 54 18. Rhosnesney 55