The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.Evans, John
History
The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evans, John
Bronze age -- Great Britain; Bronze age -- Ireland; Great Britain -- Antiquities
Another palstave of the same character was found, with many socketed
celts, fragments of swords and daggers, and rough metal, at
Cumberlow,[336] near Baldock, Herts.
Three others were found in 1806, with two socketed celts, a fragment
of a sword, three lumps of raw copper, and four gold armlets, on the
beach near Eastbourne,[337] immediately under Beachy Head. They passed
with the Payne Knight collection into the British Museum.
That found “in an old wall, in Purbeck,”[338] with the socket
“_double_ or _divided by a partition_,” as described by Mr. Hutchins
in a letter to Bishop Lyttelton in 1768, must probably have been of
this kind.
A good specimen of the same character but bent (5⅜ inches), as well
as part of another, was found at Wickham Park, Croydon, together with
several socketed celts. They are now in the British Museum.
The upper part of a palstave of this character was found with socketed
celts, gouges, &c., in the Hundred of Hoo,[339] Kent. It has been
thought that this was cast hollow to receive a central prong, but
the cavity is probably due to defective casting. A broken instrument
of this kind was found with socketed celts and metal on Kenidjack
Cliff,[340] Cornwall.
Palstaves of this type, both with and without loops, are much more
abundant on the Continent than in Britain. Numerous examples have been
found in France, in Rhenish Prussia, and in the Lake habitations of
Savoy and Switzerland.
A Danish example is engraved by Worsaae,[341] and several from
Germany[342] by Lindenschmit.
Iron palstaves with and without loops, some of them closely
approximating to the form of Fig. 85, but others more like the ordinary
Italian form of palstave, with a broad chisel-like blade, have been
found in the cemetery of Hallstatt.[343] In a specimen in my own
collection the side flanges are ornamented with transverse ribs,
precisely like those on some of the bronze palstaves from the same
locality. In one instance the upper part with the flanges is of bronze,
and the lower part of the blade of iron or steel.
This form of instrument, with a section in the form of the letter H
above, though easily cast, must have been extremely difficult to forge;
and though we can readily trace its evolution in cast bronze, it so ill
accorded with the necessary conditions for the profitable working of
malleable iron that it seems soon to have disappeared when iron came
into general use. The fact of the form occurring at all in iron shows
that the iron instruments were made in imitation of those in bronze,
and not the bronze in imitation of the iron. The same observation holds
good with the iron socketed celts, spear-heads, and swords from the
same cemetery.
Looped palstaves, without sufficient details being given of
their types, are recorded to have been found in Harewood Square,
London,[344] Oxford,[345] Devonshire,[346] and with socketed celts,
near Kidwelly,[347] Caermarthen.
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