The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
History
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Where the supposed elliptical fault reaches the shore at Carmel Point,
the two groups of rock seem to me to follow each other in unbroken
sequence.[229] The black slates, which are admittedly Lower Silurian,
dip underneath a breccia and greenish (Amlwch) slates. Not only so,
but bands of similar black slates occur higher up, interstratified
with and shading-off into tuffs and greenish slates. Further, bands
of coarse volcanic breccia occur among the black slates south of the
supposed break. These, in accordance with the exigencies of theory,
are represented as separated by a network of faults from the black
slates amid which they lie. But good evidence may be found that they
are truly interbedded in these slates. In short, the whole of the rocks
in that part of Anglesey form one great series, consisting partly of
black slates, partly of greenish slates, with abundant intercalations
of volcanic detritus. The age of the base of this series is moreover
determined by the occurrence of Bala fossils in a band of limestone
near Carmel Point.
[Footnote 229: I cannot admit that there is any evidence of a
thrust-plane here. To insert one is merely to modify field-evidence to
suit theory. See _Geol. Mag._ 1891, p. 483.]
The rocks which extend eastward along the coast from the north-western
headland of Anglesey are marked on the Survey map as "green, grey
and purple slates with conglomeratic and siliceous beds." The truly
volcanic nature of a considerable proportion of these strata has been
clearly stated by Mr. Blake.[230] As they dip in a general northerly
direction, higher portions of the series present themselves as far as
the most northern projection of the island near Porth Wen (Fig. 58).
They have been greatly crumpled and crushed, so that the slates pass
into phyllites. They include some thick seams of blue limestone and
white quartzite, also courses of black shale containing Lower Silurian
graptolites. Among their uppermost strata several (probably Bala)
fossils, including _Orthis Bailyana_, have been obtained by Professor
Hughes. It has been supposed that the higher bands of black shale may
also have been brought into their present positions by faults, and that
they do not really belong to the series of strata among which they lie.
But this suggestion is completely disproved by the coast-sections,
which exhibit many thin interstratified leaves of black shale,
sometimes less than an inch thick. These and the ashy layers containing
the _Orthis_ and other fossils form an integral part of the so-called
"Amlwch slates."[231]
[Footnote 230: _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ vol. xliv. (1888), p. 517.
See his further remarks in _Geol. Mag._ 1891, p. 483.]
[Footnote 231: The Amlwch slates exhibit on a great scale the puckering
that points to intense compression. This "gnarled" structure, as Prof.
Hughes called it, has been illustrated by Mr. Harker, _British Assoc.
Report_ (1885), pp. 839, 840.]
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