Transcriber Note Text emphasis denoted by _Italics_ and =Bold.= Whole and fractional parts of numbers as 123-4/5. THE ANCIENT VOLCANOES OF GREAT BRITAIN [Illustration] THE ANCIENT VOLCANOES OF GREAT BRITAIN BY SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, F.R.S. D.C.L. Oxf., D.Sc. Camb., Dubl.; LL.D. St. And. Edinb. DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND; CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE; OF THE ACADEMIES OF BERLIN, VIENNA, MUNICH, TURIN, BELGIUM, STOCKHOLM, GÖTTINGEN, NEW YORK; OF THE IMPERIAL MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY AND SOCIETY OF NATURALISTS ST. PETERSBURG; NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, MOSCOW; SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, CHRISTIANIA; AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY; OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON, FRANCE, BELGIUM, STOCKHOLM, ETC. WITH SEVEN MAPS AND NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II London MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1897 _All rights reserved_ CONTENTS CHAPTER XXIX The Carboniferous Volcanoes of England PAGE The North of England: Dykes, Great Whin Sill--The Derbyshire Toadstones--The Isle of Man--East Somerset--Devonshire 1 CHAPTER XXX The Carboniferous Volcanoes of Ireland King's County--The Limerick Basin--The Volcanic Breccias of Doubtful Age in County Cork 37 BOOK VII THE PERMIAN VOLCANOES CHAPTER XXXI The Permian Volcanoes of Scotland Geographical Changes at the Close of the Carboniferous Period--Land and Inland-Seas of Permian time--General Characteristics and Nature of the Materials erupted--Structure of the several Volcanic Districts: 1. Ayrshire, Nithsdale, Annandale; 2. Basin of the Firth of Forth 53 CHAPTER XXXII Permian Volcanoes of England The Devonshire Centre--Eruptive Rocks of the Midland Coal-fields 94 BOOK VIII THE VOLCANOES OF TERTIARY TIME CHAPTER XXXIII