The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
But that the volcanic zone includes in some places more than one
outflow of lava with layers of sandstone, breccia and tuff between the
successive sheets may be proved in different parts of the district.
Thus the two conspicuous hills at Kellerton are composed of several
sheets of highly slaggy lava, separated by breccia, and a third much
thinner sheet lies above these, intercalated in a mass of breccia,
sandstone and sandy tuff (Fig. 230). Again, at Budlake the sandstones
and fine breccias include a thin band of vesicular lava, while farther
to the east they are interrupted by a higher and thicker zone of
similar material.
[Illustration: _North Hill_ _South Hill_
Fig. 230.--Section of the volcanic series at Kellerton, Devonshire.
_a_, Breccias and sandstones; _b_, lavas.]
These igneous sheets can be shown by many interesting sections to have
been poured out contemporaneously with the deposit of the sedimentary
material among which they occur. At Crabtree, for instance, near
Kellerton, the uppermost lava is a thin sheet of highly slaggy texture,
which rests immediately on the gravelly red sandstone and catches
up parts of it, while the pebbles include fragments of some of the
andesites below. The dark lavas are occasionally traversed by veins of
fine hard sandstone, which descending from above, like those in the Old
Red Sandstone and Permian lavas of Scotland, have been produced by the
silting or drifting of fine sand into cracks in the lava, before the
igneous material was entirely buried. These features are well exposed
in the high ridge of the Belvedere near Exeter (Fig. 228), where, over
a thin and inconstant band of red breccia and marl which rests on the
upturned ends of the Culm-measures, a band of dull-red andesite may
be seen. This rock, partly compact and partly highly amygdaloidal, is
in some portions full of irregular fissures and cavities filled with
sandstone.
Nowhere among the Palæozoic volcanic rocks of Britain are more
remarkable examples of the slaggy structure to be found than in these
Devonshire lavas of probably Permian age. I would especially cite the
rock of Knowle Farm, a few miles to the west of Crediton, as in part a
mere spongy pumice, blocks of which would originally have floated in
water.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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