The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
One of the best sections in the district for the exemplification of
the internal structures of these lavas is that in the large quarry at
the top of Posbury Hill. On the west side of this quarry the rock is
tolerably compact, but contains vesicles and irregular steam-holes. On
the east side it passes upward and laterally into a coarse agglomerate
of its own fragments, and in its mass it encloses similar agglomerate.
No sharp passage can be traced between the two rocks. So far as I could
judge, it seemed to me that the lava had broken up as it moved along,
possibly shattered by coming in contact with water. The agglomerate is
overlain by some reddish ashy sandstone, which fills up the interstices
between the slags, and is immediately covered by a bed of lilac
andesite, marking another distinct outflow.
[Illustration:
Fig. 231.--Section of agglomerate overlain with sandstone and
andesite, Posbury, Crediton.
]
As in Ayrshire, the lavas of Devonshire are not accompanied by any
thick accumulation of tuff. The fragmentary discharges consisted
in both areas of fine dust and gravelly detritus of small lapilli,
which were not ejected in such quantities as entirely to conceal the
ordinary non-volcanic sediment of the water-basin. The dust and cinders
mingled with the red sand and angular scree-material, so that we now
see a group of red, somewhat ashy sandstones and breccias. Among the
component fragments of the breccias, a considerable variety of igneous
material may be observed. While the most of the non-volcanic stones
may have been derived by ordinary processes of weathering from rocks
exposed at the surface, it is by no means improbable that some of them,
including even pieces of Culm grit, killas and baked slate, may have
been ejected from volcanic vents.[111]
[Footnote 111: On the composition of the Devonshire breccias see Mr. R.
N. Worth, _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ vol. xlvi. (1890), p. 69. This
author has adopted the view that the granite of Dartmoor represents the
neck of a great volcano from which these later volcanic materials were
ejected. But all the evidence seems to me in favour of numerous small
vents situated not far from the outcrops of the lavas, as stated in
the text. See Mr. B. Hobson, _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ vol. xlviii.
(1892), p. 498. The Dartmoor granite is later than the surrounding
Carboniferous rocks, but no good evidence has been obtained to connect
it with the Permian volcanic phenomena of Devonshire.]
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