The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
But in many examples in the south of Scotland, Argyleshire and the
Inner Hebrides, the fineness of grain of the outer band culminates
in a perfect volcanic glass. Where this occurs, the glass is usually
jet black, more rarely greenish or bluish black in tint, and varies
in thickness from about a couple of inches to a mere varnish-like
film on the outer face of the dyke, the average width being probably
less than a quarter of an inch (Fig. 235). On their weathered surface
these external glassy layers generally present a pattern of rounded or
polygonal prominences, varying up to four or five lines or even more in
diameter, and separated by depressions or narrow ribs. The transition
from the glass to the crystalline part of the marginal fine-grained
strip is usually somewhat abrupt, insomuch that on weathered faces
it is often difficult to get good specimens, owing to the tendency
of the vitreous portion to fly off when struck with the hammer. The
glass doubtless represents the original condition of the rock of the
dyke. It was suddenly chilled and solidified by contact with the
cold walls of the fissure. Inside this external glassy coating, the
molten material could probably still move, and had time to assume a
more or less completely crystalline condition before solidification.
Not infrequently the glass shows spherulitic forms, visible to the
naked eye, and likewise a more or less distinctly developed perlitic
structure. These features, however, are best studied in thin sections
of the rock with the aid of the microscope, as will be subsequently
referred to.
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