The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
In some dykes, the glass is not confined to the edges, but runs in
strings or broader bands along the central portions, or has been
squeezed into little cavities like steam-holes or into minute fissures.
One of the most remarkable examples of this peculiarity occurs in the
well-known dyke of Eskdale, which runs for so many miles across the
southern uplands of Scotland.[164] This dyke throughout most of its
course is a crystalline rock of the andesitic type. At Wat Carrick,
in Eskdale, it presents an arrangement into three parallel bands.
On either side, a zone about eight feet broad consists of the usual
crystalline material. Between these two marginal portions lies an
intercalated mass 16 to 18 feet broad, of a very compact and more or
less vitreous rock. The demarcation between this central band and the
more crystalline zones of the outside is quite sharp, and the two
kinds of rock show a totally distinct system of jointing. There can,
therefore, be little doubt that the glassy centre belongs to a later
uprise than the outer portions, though possibly it may still have been
included in the long process of solidification of one original injected
mass of molten material. If the marginal parts adhered firmly to the
walls, the centre, which with its band of vesicles seems often to have
been a line of weakness, might be ruptured and subsequent intrusions
would find their way along the rent. Examples of this splitting of
dykes with the intrusion of later eruptive Material will be cited in
later pages.
[Footnote 164: See _Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin._ v. (1880), p. 241.]
Mr. Clough, while mapping for the Geological Survey the extraordinarily
numerous dykes in the eastern part of Argyleshire between the Firth
of Clyde and Upper Loch Fyne, observed six or seven examples of dykes
showing glassy bands in their centres, with characters similar to those
of the Eskdale dyke. He found an absence of definite and regular joints
in the central glassy band, and on the other hand, an irregular set of
divisional planes by which the rock is traversed, and which he compared
to those seen in true perlitic structure.
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