The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
But in all these cases it is obvious that we have little indication of
the length of time that intervened between the successive injections
of the dykes. In Skye, however, more definite evidence presents itself
that the interval must have been in some cases a protracted one.
As far back as the year 1857,[207] I showed that the basic dykes of
Strath in Skye are of two ages; that one set was erupted before the
appearance of the "syenite" (granophyre) of that district, and was cut
off by the latter rock; and that the other arose after the "syenite"
which it intersected. Recent re-examination has enabled me to confirm
and extend this observation. The younger series which traverses the
granophyre is much less numerous than the older series in the same
districts. In Chapter xlvi., where the relations of the granophyres
to other members of the volcanic series will be discussed, further
details will be given from that region of Skye to demonstrate that
there is a pre-granophyre and a post-granophyre series of basic dykes.
As a good illustration of the younger series I may refer to the way
in which these rocks make their appearance in the island group of St.
Kilda, where both the gabbros and granophyres of the Tertiary volcanic
series are characteristically developed. Numerous dykes traverse both
these rocks. Those in the gabbro are more abundant than those in the
granophyre--a circumstance which is exactly paralleled among the basic
and acid bosses of Skye. It is not improbable that in these remote
islands a similar difference in age and in petrographical character
may be made out between two series of dykes, one older and the other
younger than the granophyre. There is ample proof, at all events, of a
post-granophyre series.
[Footnote 207: _Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc._ vol. xiv. p. 16.]
[Illustration: Fig. 258.--Basalt-veins traversing granophyre, St.
Kilda.]
The pale colour of the precipices in which the St. Kilda granophyre
plunges into the sea gives special prominence to the dark ribbon-like
streaks which mark the course of basalt-dykes through that rock.
Moreover the greater liability of the material of the dykes to decay
causes them to weather into long lines of notch or recess. Four or five
such dykes follow each other in nearly parallel bands, which slant
upward from the sea-level on the eastern face of the hill Conacher to a
height of several hundred feet.[208] (Fig. 258, see also Fig. 367.)
[Footnote 208: This relation of the later dykes to the granophyre was
observed here by Macculloch (_Western Isles_, vol. ii. p. 55).]
The acid eruptions of the Inner Hebrides are marked by so varied a
series of rocks, and so complex a geological structure, that they may,
with some confidence, be regarded as having occupied a considerable
interval of geological time. Yet we find that this prolonged episode
in the volcanic history was both preceded and followed by the
extravasation of basic dykes.
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