The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
(_b_) Where the banding arises from the distribution of the vesicles,
somewhat similar weathered surfaces are produced. In some instances,
while the basalt is throughout finely cellular, interposed bands of
harder, rather finer-grained and less thoroughly vesicular character
serve to give the stratified appearance. Instances may be observed
where the vesicles have been crowded together in certain bands, which
consequently weather out differently from the layers above and below
them. An excellent illustration of this arrangement occurs in the
lowest lava but one of the largest of the three picturesque stacks
known as Macleod's Maidens on the west coast of Skye (Figs. 260, 283,
284 and 287). This lava is thoroughly amygdaloidal, but the vesicles
are specially crowded together in certain parallel bands from an inch
to three or four inches thick. Some of these layers lie close to each
other, while elsewhere there may be a band of more close-grained, less
vesicular material between them. But the most singular feature of the
rock is to be seen in the shape and position of the vesicles that are
crowded together in the cellular bands. Instead of being drawn out into
flattened forms in the general direction of banding, they are placed
together at high angles. Each layer remains parallel to the general
bedding, but its vesicles are steeply inclined in one direction, which
was doubtless that of the flow of the still unconsolidated lava.[225]
Weathering along these bands, the lava might easily be mistaken at a
little distance for a tuff or other stratified intercalation.
[Footnote 225: This elongation of vesicles, more or less perpendicular to
the general bedding, may be noticed sometimes even in sills, as will be
shown in a later Chapter.]
[Illustration:
Fig. 260.--Banded amygdaloidal basalt showing layers of elongated
and steeply inclined vesicles, Macleod's Maidens, Skye.
]
Banded lavas possessing the characters now described are of frequent
occurrence among the Inner Hebrides. Many striking examples of them may
be seen along the west coast of Skye. Still more abundant in Faroe,
they form one of the most conspicuous features in the geology of that
group of islands. Along the whole of its western seaboard, on island
after island, they are particularly prominent in the lower parts of
the precipices, while the upper parts consist largely of amorphous or
prismatic sheets. So much do they resemble stratified rocks that it was
not until I had landed at various points that I could satisfy myself
that they are really banded lavas.[226]
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