The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
round into the long valley in which Lochs Arienas and Teacus lie.
On its western side, the base of the basalt-series is almost at the
sea-level; on its eastern side, that platform rises high into the
outliers of Beinn na h-Uamha (1521 feet) and Beinn Iadain. The amount
of displacement is probably more than 1000 feet. Many other minor
faults in the same district show how much the crust of the earth has
been fractured here since older Tertiary time.
[Illustration: Fig. 266.--Basalt-capping on top of Beinn Iadain, Morven.
The hummocky ground to the right consists of the Highland schists
against which the basalts are brought by lines of dislocation.[240]]
[Footnote 240: There are no fewer than three faults in the basalt-capping
on the summit of Beinn Iadain. By bringing the basalts and schists into
juxtaposition, they have given rise to topographical features that can
be seen even from a distance.]
A little to the west of Mull, and belonging originally to the same
plateau, lies the isle of Staffa, the famous columnar basalts of which
first attracted the attention of travellers, and gave to the Tertiary
volcanic rocks of Scotland their celebrity (Fig. 266_a_).
[Illustration:
Fig. 266_a_.--View of the south side of Staffa, showing the bedded
and columnar structure of the basalt. The rock in which the cave to
the left hand has been eroded is a conglomeratic tuff underlying
the basalt; to the right is Fingal's Cave. These caverns bear
witness to the enormous erosive power of the Atlantic breakers.
]
In spite of the extent to which it has suffered from denudation and
subterranean disturbance, and indeed in consequence thereof, the Mull
plateau presents clear sections of many features in the history of
the basalt-outflows and of the subsequent phases of Tertiary volcanic
action which cannot be seen in the more regular and continuous
tableland of Antrim. Moreover, it still possesses in its highest
mountain, Ben More (3169 feet), a greater thickness, and probably
a higher series, of lavas than can now be seen in any other of the
plateaux.
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