The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
More frequent than these inconstant layers of fossil vegetation are
the thin partings of tuff and layers of red clay, sometimes containing
iron-ore, which occur at intervals throughout the series between
different flows of basalt. But even such intercalations are of trifling
thickness, and only of limited extent. The magnificent precipices of
M'Gorry's Head and Gribon expose a succession of beds of columnar
amorphous and amygdaloidal basalt, which must attain a thickness of at
least 2500 feet, before they are overlain by the higher group of pale
lavas in Ben More. On the east side of the island, thin tuffs and bands
of basalt-conglomerate occur on different horizons among the bedded
basalts, from near the sea-level up to the summit of the ridge which
culminates in Beinn Meadhon (2087 feet), Dùn-da-Ghaoithe (2512 feet),
and Mainnir-nam-Fiadh (2483 feet). Reference has already been made to
the remarkably coarse character of some of the breccias intercalated
among the basalts in this part of Mull, and to the enormous dimensions
of some of the masses of mica-schist and quartzite which have been
carried up from a depth of 2000 feet or more by volcanic agency (see
_ante_, p. 196, and Fig. 262).
Above the ordinary compact and amygdaloidal basalt comes the higher
group of pale lavas already referred to as forming the uppermost
part of Ben More, whence it stretches continuously along the pointed
ridge of A'Chioch, and thence northwards into Beinn Fhada. The same
lavas are likewise found in two outliers, capping Beinn a' Chraig,
a mile further north, and I have found fragments of them on some of
the loftier ridges to the south-east. This highest and youngest group
of lavas in the plateaux has been reduced to mere isolated patches,
and a little further denudation will remove it altogether. Yet it is
not less than about 800 feet thick, and consists of bedded andesitic
or trachytic lavas, which alternate with and follow continuously
and conformably upon the top of the ordinary plateau-basalts. These
dull, finely crystalline or compact, light-grey rocks weather with a
characteristic platy form, which has been mistaken for the bedding
of tuffs. The fissility, however, has none of the regularity or
parallelism of true bedding, and may be observed to run sometimes
parallel with the bedding of the sheets, sometimes obliquely or even
at right angles to it. Even where this structure is best developed,
the truly crystalline nature of the rocks can readily be detected.
Some of them are porphyritic and amygdaloidal, the very topmost bed
of the mountain being a coarse amygdaloid. Intercalated with these
curious rocks there are others in which the ordinary characters of
the dolerites and basalts of the plateaux can be recognised. The
amygdaloids are often full of delicate prisms of epidote.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account