The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
In Mull, as in the other areas of terraced basalts, we everywhere meet
with gently inclined sheets, which do not thicken out individually or
collectively in any given direction, except as the result of unequal
denudations. So far as I have been able to discover, they afford
no evidence of any great volcanic cone from which they proceeded.
Their present inclinations are unquestionably due, as in Ireland, to
movements subsequent to the formation of the plateau. In Loch-na-keal
they dip gently to the E.N.E.; in Ulva and the north-west coast to
N.N.E.; near Salen to W.S.W. on the one side, and N.W. on the other.
Round the southern and eastern margins of the mountainous tract of the
island, they dip generally inwards to the high grounds.
The Mull plateau presents a striking contrast to that of Antrim, in
the extraordinary extent to which it has been disrupted by later
protrusions of massive basic and acid rocks over a rudely circular
area, extending from the head of Loch Scridain to the Sound of Mull,
and from Loch-na-keal to Loch Buy. The bedded basalts have been invaded
by masses of dolerite, gabbro, and granophyre, with various allied
kinds of rock. They have not only been disturbed in their continuity,
but have undergone considerable metamorphism.
Again, further to the north, in the promontory of Ardnamurchan,
the plateau has been disrupted in a similar way, and only a few
recognisable fragments of it have been left. These changes will be more
appropriately discussed in connection with similar phenomena in the
other plateaux further north.
CHAPTER XXXVIII
THE BASALT-PLATEAU OF THE PARISH OF SMALL ISLES--RIVERS OF
THE VOLCANIC PERIOD
iii. PARISH OF SMALL ISLES PLATEAU
The parish of Small Isles includes the islands of Eigg, Rum, Canna,
Sanday and Muck (Map VI.). The fragmentary basalt-plateau which it
contains, although the smallest of the whole series, is surpassed by
none in the variety and interest of its geology. It contains by far the
most complete records of the rivers which, during the volcanic period,
flowed across the lava plains. And it alone has preserved a relic of
the latest lava which, after the basalt-plateau had been built up and
had been greatly eroded, flowed over the denuded surface in streams of
volcanic-glass that found their way into a river-channel and sealed it
up.
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