The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
That the fragments of the basaltic plateau preserved in each member
of the group of the Small Isles were once connected as a continuous
volcanic plain can hardly be doubted. Indeed, as already stated, they
were not improbably united with the plateau of Skye on the north, and
with that of Mull, Morven and Ardnamurchan oh the south. Taking the
whole space of land and sea within which the basalt of Small Isles
is now confined, we may compute it at not much less than 200 square
miles. In Eigg, Muck, Canna and Sanday the basalts retain their almost
horizontal position, and from underneath them the Jurassic strata
emerge in the first of these islands. The central part of the plateau
in the island of Rum has suffered greatly from denudation. It now
consists of four small outliers of basalt, which lie at levels of
1200 feet and upwards, on the western slope. The basalt is underlain
by a thick mass of red Torridon Sandstone, which, with some gneisses
and schists, forms the general underlying platform of this island.
These rocks are doubtless a continuation of the red sandstone and
schists of Sleat, in Skye, and like them have been subjected to those
post-Cambrian convolutions and metamorphism whereby the Lewisian
Gneiss and Torridon Sandstone have been brought above younger rocks,
and have been crushed and rolled out so as to assume a new schistose
arrangement. Before the time when volcanic action began, a mass of high
ground, consisting of these ancient rocks, stood where the island of
Rum is now situated. The streams of basalt spread around it, not only
covering the surrounding low tracts of Jurassic rocks, but gradually
accumulating against the hills, and thus reducing them both in area
and in height above the plain.[246] Viewed from Canna the western coast
of Rum presents a striking picture of the general relations of the
volcanic masses of the Inner Hebrides and of the enormous denudation
which they have undergone (Fig. 267). The Torridon Sandstones are
there seen to mount into ranges of hills, capped with outliers of
the basalt-plateau, while behind rise the great eruptive bosses of
gabbro and granophyre. The edges of the sheets that form the outliers
would, if prolonged, cover the northern or lower half of the island,
where pre-Cambrian rocks form the surface. In the southern half,
the continuity of the basalt has been partly obscured and partly
destroyed by the protrusion of the great masses of gabbro that form the
singularly picturesque mountain group to which this island owes its
prominence as a landmark far and wide along the West Coast of Scotland.
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