The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
The mass of sedimentary material (_b_) which overlies the agglomerate
of the vent forms a conspicuous feature along the lower half of the
precipices at the eastern end of Canna. It rises to a height of 250
to 300 feet above sea-level, and must reach a maximum thickness of
probably not less than 100 to 150 feet. It gradually descends in a
westward direction, both along the northern cliffs and in the lower
ground round Canna Harbour, insomuch that in about a mile, owing to the
gentle westerly dip of the whole volcanic series, combined with the
effect of a number of small faults, it passes under the level of the
sea.
Great variation in the character of the detritus composing this thick
group of strata may be observed as it is followed westward. On the
cliffs below Compass Hill, as represented in Fig. 268, the coarse
conglomerate with water-worn stones, hardly to be distinguished from
the volcanic agglomerate of the vent, shows more or less distinct
bedding, or at least a succession of coarser and finer bands. Towards
its base it encloses numerous pieces of Torridon Sandstone, sometimes
subangular, but often so well and smoothly rounded as to show that they
must have been long subjected to the action of moving water. It is
further observable that, while in the agglomerate the volcanic stones
have rough surfaces, those in the conglomerate begin to show increasing
evidence of attrition, until, as the deposit is traced upwards, they
become almost as well rounded and water-worn as the non-volcanic stones.
Yet amidst and overlying these proofs of transport from some little
distance lie abundant huge slags and blocks of amygdaloidal lava,
sometimes closely aggregated, sometimes scattered through a volcanic
tuff or ashy sandstone. The composition and structure of these stones,
and the manner of their dispersion through the deposit, leave little
doubt that they were ejected from the vent. We are thus confronted
with the interesting fact that, while the materials of the volcanic
cone were being washed down by running water, eruptions were still
taking place. But by degrees these indications of contemporaneous
volcanic activity diminish. The detrital materials become coarser and
more distinctly water-rolled until they pass into greenish sandstones
and fine conglomerates. Yet the matrix even of these higher sediments
is largely composed of fine volcanic detritus, and probably points to
occasional discharges of dust and ashes.
Various sills or intrusive sheets have been injected into this
sedimentary group along the precipices at the east end of Canna, and
form there lenticular bands. One of these (_c_) is shown in Fig. 268.
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