The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Immediately above the massive greenish pebbly sandstone (_d_) which
caps the stratified series lies a group of basalts (_e_), composed of
several distinct beds, having a united thickness of from 80 to 100
feet. The lowest of these has a regular columnar structure, while those
overlying it exhibit the confused starch-like grouping of curved and
rather indistinctly-formed prisms.
The next band in upward succession is one of conglomerate (_f_), which
runs as a continuous and conspicuous feature along the upper part of
the cliff. This rock presents in many respects a strong contrast to the
conglomerates underneath. It is dull-green to yellow in colour, and
is well stratified, being marked by the interstratification of finer
layers, and passing down into a band of pebbly sandstone, which rests
immediately on the basalt (_e_). Its component stones are thoroughly
water-worn, ranging up to six inches or even more in length. But its
most distinctive character lies in the nature of its pebbles. Instead
of consisting mainly of volcanic materials, these stones have almost
all been transported for some distance. They include abundant fragments
of Torridon Sandstone, gneiss, schists, grits, and other rocks like
those in Rum and Western Inverness-shire. No such rocks exist _in situ_
in Canna. The nearest tract of Torridon Sandstone is in Rum, about four
miles to the eastward. But the pieces of schist and epidotic grit like
the rocks of the Western Highlands, have probably travelled at least 30
miles.
It is important to observe that all these transported stones indicate
a derivation from some source lying to the eastward of Canna. The
evidence in this respect agrees with that furnished by the ancient
river-gravel under the pitchstone of the Scuir of Eigg. It is clear
that the waters which found their way across the lava-fields of this
part of the Inner Hebrides took their rise somewhere to the eastward,
probably among the mountains of Inverness-shire.
The conglomerate now described is from 40 to 50 feet thick. It can be
followed along the face of the cliffs for more than a mile on the north
side of Canna. Less persistent on the south side, its outcrop strikes
from the edge of the precipice inland, keeping to the south of the top
of Compass Hill. It is well seen in the ravine above the Coroghon, but
cannot be followed further westward among the basalt-terraces. Yet,
though this stratified intercalation is not traceable far as a band of
conglomerate, the same stratigraphical horizon is probably indicated
elsewhere by other kinds of sedimentary deposits, to which further
reference will be made in the sequel.
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