The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
The section now described establishes the existence of at least two
successive platforms of conglomerate in the volcanic series. Following
these platforms along their outcrop, we obtain additional light on
their origin, and on the topographical conditions under which they
were deposited, and we learn further that other prolonged intervals,
which were likewise marked by intercalations of sedimentary material,
occurred in the outpouring of the basalts.
Taking first the lower conglomerate of Compass Hill and tracing it
westward, we find it to form the depression in which the sheltered
inlet of Canna Harbour lies. It is exposed along the shores and also
in the islands enclosed within the same bay. But it is not traceable
further west, possibly because it seems to sink beneath the level of
the sea. To the south-east, though it is there likewise for the most
part concealed under the waves, it rises above them in one or two parts
of the coast-line of Sanday, particularly at the Uamh Ruadh or Red
Cave, and likewise on a surf-beaten skerry off Ceann an Eilein, the
highest part of the Sanday cliffs--a distance of about a mile and a
half from Compass Hill. Throughout this space it retains its remarkably
coarse character and is mainly made up of volcanic material.
The numerous sections exposed in Canna Harbour enable us to study the
composition and local variations of this curious deposit. On the north
side of the basin, while the lower part of the sedimentary series
continues to be an exceedingly coarse volcanic conglomerate, it passes
upward into finer conglomerates, tuffs, and shales. In front of Canna
House the imbedded blocks are of large size, occasionally as much as
three or four feet in diameter. They are still more gigantic on the
island of Eilean a' Bhaird, where I found one to contain 150 cubic feet
in the exposed part, the rest being still concealed in the matrix. As
they are generally somewhat rounded, here and there markedly so, most
of these stones have probably undergone a certain amount of attrition
in water. The great majority of them, and certainly all those of
larger size, are pieces of basalt, dolerite, andesite, etc. Among them
huge blocks of amygdaloid and coarsely vesicular lava are specially
abundant. Some of these look like pieces of slag torn from the upper
surface of lava-streams. Others, displaying a highly vesicular centre
and a close-grained outer crust, are suggestive of bombs. It is
interesting to note here again that the amygdaloidal blocks present
their zeolitic infiltrations so precisely like those of the amygdaloids
of the plateau that it seems reasonable to suppose the carbonate of
lime, zeolites, etc. to have been introduced before the blocks were
imbedded in the conglomerate.
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