The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
The accompanying diagram (Fig. 279) represents the natural section
there exposed. Rising over each other in successive beds, with a hardly
perceptible southerly dip of 2°, the sheets of basalt form a mural
cliff about 700 feet high. The bedded character of these rocks and
their alternations of compact, columnar, amorphous and amygdaloidal
beds are here strikingly seen. They are traversed by veins and dykes
of an exceedingly close-grained, sometimes almost flinty, basalt. But
the conspicuous feature of the cliff is the hollow which has been
worn out of these rocks, and which, after being partially filled with
coarse conglomerate, has been buried under the huge pitchstone mass of
the Scuir. The conglomerate consists of water-worn fragments, chiefly
of dolerite and basalt, but with some also of the white Jurassic
sandstones, imbedded in a compacted sand derived from the waste of the
older volcanic rocks. The grey devitrified bands in the pitchstone, so
conspicuous at the east end of the Scuir, here disappear and leave the
conglomerate covered by one huge overlying mass of glassy pitchstone.
[Illustration: Fig. 279.--Natural Section at the Cliff of Bideann
Boidheach, north-west end of the Scuir of Eigg.
_a a_, Bedded dolerites and basalts; _b_, basalt dykes and veins; _c_,
ancient river-bed filled with conglomerate; _p_, pitchstone of the
Scuir.]
If any doubt could arise as to the origin of the mass of detritus
exposed under the pitchstone at the east end of the Scuir it would be
dispelled by the section at the west end, which shows with unmistakable
clearness that the conglomerate is a fluviatile deposit and lies in the
actual channel of the ancient river which was eroded out of the basalt
plateau, and was subsequently sealed up by streams of pitchstone-lava.
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