The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Along the western side of Skye, the basalts descend beneath the level
of the Atlantic, save at Eist in Duirinish, where the Secondary strata,
with their belt of intrusive sills, rise from underneath them, and at
the Sound of Soa, where they rest on the Torridon Sandstone. Along
the eastern side, their base runs on the top of the great Jurassic
escarpment, whose white and yellow sandstones rise there, and on the
east side of Raasay, into long lines of pale cliffs. To the south-east,
the regularity of the volcanic plateau is effaced, as in Mull and
Ardnamurchan, by the protrusion of extensive masses of eruptive rocks
constituting the Cuillin and Red Hills, east of which the basalts have
been almost entirely removed by denudation, so as to expose the older
rocks which they once covered, and through which the younger eruptive
bosses made their way. This is undoubtedly the most instructive
district for the study of that late phase in the volcanic history of
Britain comprised in the eruptive bosses of basic and acid rocks.
The magnificent plateau of this island has been so profoundly cut down
into glens and arms of the sea, and its component layers are exposed
along so many leagues of precipice, that its structure is perhaps more
completely laid open than that of any of the other Tertiary volcanic
areas in Britain. It is built up of a succession of basalts and
dolerites of the usual types, which still reach a thickness of more
than 2000 feet, though in this instance, also, denudation has left
only a portion of them, without any evidence by which to reckon what
their total original depth may have been. In rambling over Skye, the
geologist is more than ever struck with the remarkable scarcity and
insignificance of the interstratifications of tuff or of any other
kind of sedimentary deposit between the successive lava-sheets. One
of the thickest accumulations of volcanic tuff and conglomerate has
already been referred to as occurring on the south side of Portree
Harbour, where it attains a depth of about 200 feet. As it is in
immediate connection with its parent vent, it will be more fully
alluded to in Chapter xli. Here, as is so generally observable among
the basalt-plateaux, traces of vegetation are plentiful among the
stratified intercalations, even forming thin seams of lignite and coal,
one of which was formerly worked. That volcanic eruptions, though
possibly of a feebler kind, continued during the interval between the
basalt-outflows at this locality, is shown by the thick accumulation
of tuff and by the occurrence of abundant lapilli of fine basic pumice
among the shales, even to a distance of several miles from the vent.
[Illustration: Fig. 284.--"Macleod's Maidens" and part of Basalt Cliffs
of Skye.]
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