The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Another conspicuous intercalation of sedimentary materials in the Skye
plateau occurs on the Talisker cliffs at the mouth of Loch Bracadale,
where, on the face of the great precipice of Rudha nan Clach, some
conspicuous bands of lilac and red are interspersed among the basalts.
These bands were noticed by Macculloch, who described them as varieties
of "iron-clay."[263] I have not had an opportunity of examining them
except from the sea at a little distance. But they suggest a similarity
to some of the variegated clays between the upper and lower basalt
series of Antrim.
[Footnote 263: _Western Islands_, vol. i. p. 376.]
Though good coal is not well developed in the Tertiary volcanic
plateaux of the British Isles, it has already been pointed out that
coaly layers are abundant, and that as the vegetable matter may
confidently be assumed always to indicate terrestrial vegetation, the
presence of the carbonaceous bands may be regarded as good evidence
of some lapse of time between the eruption of the basalts which they
separate. I have also called attention to the fact that the vegetable
material is more especially observable in the highest parts of a
group of intercalated sediments between two sheets of basalt. This
relation, so strikingly exhibited in the isle of Canna, as already
observed, is also to be remarked in the Skye plateau. I may here cite
an interesting example which occurs at the base of the lofty sea-cliff
of An Ceannaich, to the south of Dunvegan Head, on the west coast of
Skye (Fig. 285). At the base of the precipice, ledges of a highly
cellular basalt (_a_) show a singularly scoriaceous and amygdaloidal
structure, with abundant and beautiful zeolites, the hollows of the
upper surface of the sheet being filled in with dark brown carbonaceous
shale, forming a layer from one to fourteen inches thick, marked by
coaly streaks and lenticles (_b_). A band of green and yellow sandstone
(_c_) next supervenes, which, from its pale colour, attracts attention
from a distance, and led me, while yachting along the coast, to land
at the locality in the hope that it might prove to be a plant-bearing
limestone. This sandy stratum is only some three or four inches thick
at the north end of the section, but increases rapidly southward to a
thickness of as many feet or more, when, owing to the cessation of the
underlying shale, it comes to lie directly on the amygdaloid and to
enclose slaggy portions of that rock. Immediately above the sandstone
two or three feet of fissile shale, black with plant-remains (_d_),
include brown layers that yield to the knife like some oil-shales. The
next stratum is a seam of coal (_e_) about a foot thick, of remarkable
purity. It is glossy, hard, and cubical, including layers that break
like jet. It has been succeeded by a deposit of green sand (_f_), but
while this material was in course of deposition another outpouring of
lava (_g_) took place, whereby the terrestrial pool or hollow of the
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