The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Though these islands lie beyond the limits of the region embraced by
the present work, I wish to cite them for the singular confirmation
and extension they afford to observations made among British Tertiary
volcanic rocks. Over a united extent of coast-cliffs which may be
roughly estimated at about 500 English miles, the nearly level sheets
of basalts, with their occasional tuffs, conglomerates, leaf-beds and
coals, can be followed with singular clearness. Although the Faroe
Islands have been so frequently visited and so often described that
their general structure is sufficiently well known, they present in
their details such a mass of new material for the illustration of
volcanic action that they deserve a far more minute and patient survey
than they have yet received. They cannot be adequately mapped and
understood by the traveller who merely sails round them. They must be
laboriously explored, island by island and cliff by cliff.
While I cannot pretend to more than a mere general acquaintance
with their structure, I have learnt by experience that one may sail
near their precipices and yet miss some essential features of their
volcanic structure. In the summer of the year 1894 I passed close to
the noble range of precipices on the west side of Stromö, at the mouth
of the Vaagöfjord, and sketched the sill which forms so striking a
part of the geology of that district (Figs. 312, 328 and 329). But I
failed to observe a much more remarkable and interesting feature at
the base of the same sea-cliffs. The following summer, probably under
better conditions of light, I was fortunate enough to detect with my
field-glass, from the deck of the yacht, what looked like a mass of
agglomerate, and found on closer examination the interesting group of
volcanic vents described in Chapter xli. The magnificent precipices
of Faroe, which in Myling Head reach a height of 2260 feet, present
a series of natural sections altogether without a rival in the rest
of Europe. They are less concealed with verdure than those of Mull
and Skye, and therefore display their geological details with even
greater clearness than can be found either in Scotland or in Ireland.
I would especially refer to the bare precipitous sides of the long
narrow islands of Kalsö and Kunö, as admirable sections wherein the
characters of the plateau-basalts are revealed as in a series of
gigantic diagrams. The scarcity of vegetation, and the steepness of
the declivities which prevents the abundant accumulation of screes
of detritus, enable the observer to trace individual beds of basalt
with the eye for several miles. Thus on the west side of Kunö, one
conspicuous dark sheet in the lower part of the section can be followed
from opposite Mygledahl in Kalsö to the southern end of the island.
There is one concealed space at the mouth of the corrie behind Kunö
village, but the same, or at least a similar band of rock at the same
level, emerges from the detritus on the further side, and may possibly
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