The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
The volcanic materials consist mainly of bedded tuffs, but include
also several necks of agglomerate and a number of dykes and sills. So
far as I have observed, they comprise no true lava-streams.[57] These
Manx tuffs present many of the familiar features of those belonging
to the puy-eruptions of Central Scotland, but with some peculiarities
worthy of attention. They are on the whole distinctly bedded, and as
their inclination is generally in a westerly direction, an ascending
order can be traced in them from the eastern end of the section to the
highest parts of the group associated with the Poyll Vaaish limestones.
Their colour is the usual dull yellowish-green, varying slightly in
tint with changes in the texture of the materials, the palest bands
consisting of the finest dust or volcanic mud. Great differences in the
size of their fragmentary constituents may be observed in successive
beds, coarse and fine bands rapidly alternating, with no admixture
of non-volcanic sediment, though occasional layers of fine ash or
mudstone, showing distinct current-bedding, may be noticed.
[Footnote 57: The occurrence of intercalated lavas has been described
in this series, but, as I shall show in the sequel, they are probably
intrusive masses.]
Pauses in the succession of eruptions are marked by the intercalation
of seams of limestone or groups of limestone, shale and black impure
chert. Such interstratifications are sometimes curiously local and
interrupted. They may be observed to die out rapidly, thereby allowing
the tuff above and below them to unite into one continuous mass. They
seem to have been accumulated in hollows of the tuff during somewhat
prolonged intervals of volcanic quiescence, and to have been suddenly
brought to an end by a renewal of the eruptions. There are some four or
five such intercalated groups of calcareous strata in the thick series
of tuffs, and we may regard them as marking the chief pauses in the
continuity or energy of the volcanic explosions.
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