While the nobles were distinguished by titles such as these, the mass of the people were divided into well defined classes or castes. The warriors were called _ah-labal_, from _labal_, war; and they were distinguished from the general male population, who were known as _achi_, men, _viri_. These were independent freemen, engaged in peaceful avocations, but, of course, ready to take up arms on occasion. They were broadly distinguished from the tributaries, called _ah-patan_; the latter word meaning tax or tribute; and still more sharply from the slaves, known as _vinakitz_, “mean men,” or by the still more significant word _mun_, hungry (Guzman, _Compendio_). The less cultivated tribes speaking other tongues, adjoining the Cakchiquels, were promiscuously stigmatized with the name _chicop_, brutes or beasts. A well developed system of tribute seems to have prevailed, and it is often referred to by Xahila. The articles delivered to the collectors were gold, silver, plain and worked, feathers, cacao, engraved stones, and what appear as singular, garlands (_[c]ubul_) and songs, painted apparently on skins or paper. _Religious Notions._ The deities worshiped by these nations, the meaning and origin of their titles, and the myths connected with them, have been the subject of an examination by me in an earlier work.[39-1] Here, therefore, it will be needless to repeat what I have there said, further than to add a few remarks explanatory of the Cakchiquel religion in particular. According to the _Popol Vuh_, “the chief god of the Cakchiquels was _Chamalcan_, and his image was a bat.”[40-1] Brasseur endeavored to trace this to a Nahuatl etymology,[40-2] but there is little doubt it refers, as do so many of the Cakchiquel proper names, to their calendar. _Can_ is the fifth day of their week, and its sign was a serpent;[40-3] _chamal_ is a slightly abbreviated form of _chaomal_, which the lexicons translate “beauty” and “fruitfulness,” connected with _chaomar_, to yield abundantly. He was the serpent god of fruitfulness, and by this type suggests relations to the lightning and the showers. The bat, _Zotz_, was the totem of the Zotzils, the ruling family of the Cakchiquels; and from the extract quoted, they seem to have set it up as the image of Chamalcan.