Upon enquiry being made of the dairyman who supplied the affected families with milk, he acknowledged that two, if not three, of his cows were “wrong in their quarters”—i.e., they had diseased udders; but he hoped that the small amount of bad milk they yielded would not be felt with the large quantity of good milk with which it was mixed! In each case the supply of milk from that particular dairy was cut short, and as regards the families interested, a limit was thus set to the endemic. But what mischief, if any, was done in other directions does not appear, and it is too late to enquire. The other cases referred to were eleven of diarrhæa, which occurred at about the same period of time. The milk supply was derived in part from a dairy and in part from cows kept for private use, the one point in common between the two sheds being that “distillers’ wash” formed part of the food of the cows. There is no history of any illness or disturbance of the secretion of the cows themselves. I regret that I had not an opportunity of investigating these cases—and especially the first series—at the time of their occurrence, as they might have thrown some light on an obscure but very important, an increasingly important subject—viz., that of disease in animals as a factor of disease in man. Professor Parkes states, _inter alia_, that milk contaminated with pus from an inflamed udder will give rise to stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) in children and to apthæ (thrush) on the mucus membrane of the lips and gums. But there is no mention of these symptoms in the cases under review. Parkes also refers to the power of milk which contains large quantities of the fungus _Oidium lactis_, or _Pennicillium_, to produce dyspeptic symptoms, and even cholera-like attacks. Gastric irritation and febrile gastritis are also enumerated among the effects following the ingestion of impure milk. But, after all the most important question is, how to prevent the occurrence of such cases? And here the difficulty is apparent of getting such regular skilled inspection of cowsheds (in Town, for it is hopeless, I fear, to attempt any supervision of the extra metropolitan sources of milk-supply!) as would suffice to detect disease in cows or employés, and secure effectual separation of diseased men and animals from the dairy. Probably nothing would have a greater effect in breeding caution in the vendors of milk than legislative enactment imposing severe penalties (not pecuniary only!) for the offence of selling for human food the milk of diseased cows.