In the Town sub-district there were, at the census in 1871, 587 females to 413 males; in Brompton the females were 608 and the males 392 per 1,000 persons living. We must assume, therefore, that there are fewer marriages in Brompton, and that those marriages are less fruitful than in the more densely-populated and poorer northern section of the parish. {7} Less difficulty is experienced in accounting for the lower rate of mortality in Brompton, it being well known that the death-rate of females is considerably less than that of the male sex. Taking the whole parish, it appears that the rate of mortality was 23.9 in the male, and only 16.5 per 1,000 in the female sex. The magnitude of this difference may be illustrated by the statement that if the mortality in the entire population had been at the female rate, the deaths would have numbered only 2,208 instead of 2,696, while they would have been no fewer than 3,298 at the rate that prevailed amongst males. The difference between the two districts is not confined merely to gross numbers of deaths. It is seen in the character of the prevalent fatal diseases, and points to a generally better state of health in Brompton, and to a better prospect of life for its inhabitants. This difference depends, no doubt, on the superior status of a large proportion of the population in the latter district, and on their possession of those necessaries and comforts of life to which the prolongation of existence is so largely due. I do not propose to enter at length upon this interesting subject now. I shall content myself for the present with putting on record the facts at which I have arrived, leaving them for the most part, to speak for themselves. The subjoined table shows the number of deaths from certain diseases in the two sub-districts, and the number that would have occurred in the Town sub-district had the mortality been on the same scale as in Brompton, due regard being had to population:—