Evolution (Biology); Glacial epoch; Human beings -- Origin; Human evolution
height of 150 feet above the lake, following up the course of the same
torrent, we come to a more ancient delta, about ten times as large,
which is therefore supposed to be the monument of about ten times as
many centuries, or 100,000 years, all referable to the fourth period
mentioned in the preceding page, or that which followed the last retreat
of the great glaciers.*
(* Morlot, Terrain quaternaire du Bassin de Leman "Bulletin
de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" Number 44.)
If the lower flattened cone of Tiniere be referred in great part to
the age of the oldest lake-dwellings, the higher one might perhaps
correspond with the Pleistocene period of St. Acheul, or the era when
Man and the Elephas primigenius flourished together; but no human
remains or works of art have as yet been found in deposits of this
age or in any alluvium containing the bones of extinct mammalia in
Switzerland.
Upon the whole, it is impossible not to be struck with an apparent
correspondence in the succession of events of the glacial period of
Switzerland and that of the British Isles before described. The time
of the first Alpine glaciers of colossal dimensions, when that chain
perhaps was several thousand feet higher than now, may have agreed with
the first continental period when Scotland was invested with a universal
crust of ice. The retreat of the first Alpine glaciers, caused partly by
a lowering of that chain, may have been synchronous with the period of
great submergence and floating ice in England. The second advance of the
glaciers may have coincided in date with the re-elevation of the Alps,
as well as of the Scotch and Welsh mountains; and lastly, the final
retreat of the Swiss and Italian glaciers may have taken place when Man
and the extinct mammalia were colonising the north-west of Europe and
beginning to inhabit areas which had formed the bed of the glacial sea
during the era of chief submergence.
But it must be confessed that in the present state of our knowledge
these attempts to compare the chronological relations of the periods
of upheaval and subsidence of areas so widely separated as are the
mountains of Scandinavia, the British Isles, and the Alps, or the times
of the advance and retreat of glaciers in those several regions and
the greater or less intensity of cold, must be looked upon as very
conjectural.
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