[175]Through its use in St James it supplied the model for the Scottish and American Prayer Books. [176]Mark 6. 13, James 5. 14. [177]Compare Constitutions VIII, 30. [178]Compare _ibid._, 29. [179]The search for Greek antecedents has not been fruitful. [180]English edition by H. Danby (S.P.C.K., 1919). [181]πρεσβυτέριον or συνέδριον; the latter word passed into Aramaic as _sanhedrin_. [182]In Jerusalem, however, the high priest presided as the religious head of Israel. [183]In Judaism priesthood came by birth, not by ordination. The office had little dignity. [184]A Rabbi’s authority was that of his personal learning. Very few presbyters could have been Rabbis, except in Jerusalem. [185]The temple worship entered little into the outlook of most Jews. Outside the temple priests had almost no functions. [186]“Adjuvet et gubernet”; in Greek (Constitutions VIII, 16, 4, Epitome VI, 2) ἀντιλαµβάνεσθαι καὶ κυβερνᾶν. [187]Certain meals held by religious societies of Jews were only a specialized form of family devotions. [188]Didache 15. 1. [189]Best studied in the Didascalia. [190]In very large churches conditions were different. [191]Possibly implied in Constitutions VIII, 46, however. [192]Most explicitly in Horner’s _a_. [193]In Hermas “martyrs” (the word used) includes confessors. The Vision, of course, purports to describe a scene in heaven, but it naturally reflects the earthly status. [194]In Rome _ca._ 250 there were only forty-six presbyters (Eusebius VI, 43, 11); evidently confessors were not included. [195]E.g., Eusebius VI, 43, 6, where confessorship is called “the highest honour”. [196]Yet the fact that the section goes on to threaten confessors who made clerical claims shows a different tradition existed. [197]Eusebius VI, 43, 11. [198]Eusebius, _l.c._ The other minor orders were doorkeepers, readers and acolytes. All are still extant in the Roman Catholic church, although now only as stages through which candidates for the priesthood pass; the same is virtually true of the subdiaconate and diaconate also. [199]Acts 2. 41, 8. 38, 16. 33. [200]In this passage “he sighed” should be rendered “he breathed”. [201]Compare Justin, _Dialogue_ 116 f. [202]Compare Sarapion. [203]Leviticus 15. 5, etc. [204]Contrast the reading of the Canons given in 19. 18. [205]The trine formula in Matthew 28. 19 is textually insecure. [206]Epistle 70 (69). 2. [207]1 Corinthians 12. 13, etc., John 3. 5. [208]Popular Christian terminology was not so hesitant. [209]Baptism. [210]Exodus 3. 8, etc. [211]But the Testament has no words of administration for the wine. [212]Due, presumably, to combining this section with the preceding. The Canons add eternal life and the eucharist. [213]E.g., Constitutions VII, 45, 1. Compare the position of the Prayer in the Didache. [214]Mark 6. 30-44; 8. 1-10 and parallels. [215]Compare 1 Corinthians 11. 20-21.