The Appendages, Anatomy, and Relationships of TrilobitesRaymond, Percy E. (Percy Edward)
Science
The Appendages, Anatomy, and Relationships of Trilobites
Raymond, Percy E. (Percy Edward)
Trilobites
The Aeglinidæ, or Cyclopygidæ as they are more properly called,
present the most remarkable development of eyes among the trilobites.
In this, Dollo saw, as indeed earlier writers have, an adaptation
to a region of scanty light. The cephalon is not at all adapted to
burrowing, but the pygidium is a good swimming organ, and one is apt
to agree that this animal was normally an inhabitant of the ill
lighted dysphotic region, but also a nocturnal prowler, making trips
to the surface at night. Similar habits and habitat are certainly
indicated for _Telephus_ and the Remopleuridæ, but whether _Nileus_
and the large-eyed _Bumastus_ are capable of the same explanation is
doubtful.
Finch (1904, p. 181) makes the suggestion that "_Nileus_" (_Vogdesia_)
_vigilans_, an abundant trilobite in the calcareous shale of the
Maquoketa, was in the habit of burying itself, posterior end first. He
found a slab containing fifteen entire specimens, all of which had the
cephalon extended horizontally near the surface of the stratum, and
the thorax and pygidium projecting downward. The rock showed no
evidence that they were in burrows, and the fact that all were in the
same position indicates that the attitude was voluntarily assumed.
They appear to have entrenched themselves by the use of the pygidia,
which are incurved plates readily adapted for such use, and, buried up
to the eyes, awaited the coming of prey, but were, apparently,
smothered by a sudden influx of mud. The form of the eye in _Vogdesia
vigilans_ bears out this supposition of Finch's. Not only are the eyes
unusually tall, but the palpebral lobe is much reduced, so that many
of the lenses look upward and inward, as well as outward, forward and
backward. The particular food required by _V. vigilans_ must have been
very plentiful in the Maquoketa seas of Illinois and Iowa, for the
species was very abundant, but that its habits were self-destructive
is also shown by the great number of complete enrolled specimens of
all ages now found there. The soft mud was apparently fatal to the
species before the end of the Maquoketa, for specimens are seen but
very rarely in the higher beds.
_Vogdesia vigilans_ is shaped much like _Bumastus_, _Illænus_,
_Asaphus_, _Onchometopus_, and _Brachyaspis_, and it may be that these
trilobites with incurved pygidia had all adopted the habit of digging
in backward. As noted above, their pygidia are not very well adapted
for swimming, and most of them have large or tall eyes.
Dollo's comparison of the Cyclopygidæ to the huge-eyed modern amphipod
_Cystosoma_ is instructive. This latter crustacean, which has the
greater part of the dorsal surface of the carapace transformed into
eyes, is said to live in the dysphotic zone, at depths of from 40 to
100 fathoms, and to come to the surface at night. It swims ventral
side down.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account