Views on coins, and in sculpture on tomb of Aterii, 20. Vivaria outside walls of Rome, 15; —one at Prætorian camp, 16; —the other at Sessorium, _ib._ Vopiscus mentions _pegmata_ and 100 lions in amphitheatre, 49. Wall, the outer, of three periods, Vespasian, Titus, and Alexander Severus, 6. Walls, original, of tufa, interfered with by later work, 7; —of tufa in substructure older than time of Nero, 13; —of front, and of the corridors in the superstructure, are of travertine, _ib._; —of tufa, round edge of substructure for lifts, not for canals, 14; —of tufa, probably of Scaurus, time of Sylla, 15; —grooves in, for lifts and cages, 15, 35; —of tufa, in parts supported by brick walls of Flavian Emperors, 17; —part destroyed by being used as a stone-quarry, 18; —north side only part perfect, _ib._; —weeded by the French in 1812, this repeated 1870, 31; —upper, hastily built under Gordianus, 33; —lower, of brick, belong to repairs after earthquakes in A.D. 442, and 508, 37. Water, shallow open channels for, remain, 33; —reservoirs in principal gallery, _ib._; —two _piscinæ_ or ——, under Cœlian, _ib._ Wild beasts brought to Rome, B.C. 251, 3; —number kept for shows, 25. THE COLOSSEUM. PLATE I. SUPERSTRUCTURE. EXTERIOR, FROM THE THERMÆ OF TITUS. [Illustration: THE COLOSSEUM IN 1874. EXTERIOR N.E. SIDE FROM THE THERMÆ OF TITUS] DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I. SUPERSTRUCTURE. EXTERIOR, FROM THE THERMÆ OF TITUS. This view shews the only part that is at all perfect of the magnificent work of the Flavian Emperors, consisting of the grand front and the splendid corridors, built around the brick theatre of Nero, with the galleries for spectators, which are surrounded by these stone corridors. These are of the best building stone to be had in Rome,—the travertine from the quarries near Tibur, now Tivoli. The front had evidently been left unfinished by Nero, as we find no traces of any brick front according to the fashion of his time, when the brickwork was the finest that the world has ever seen. It will be observed that the lower part of the ground-floor is concealed in the view by the bank of earth on which the modern road is carried, and the parapet wall of that road. It will also be observed that each storey is different; the lower storeys have different orders of architecture, but with scarcely any difference of plan or of construction, whereas the upper storey is quite different from the rest. There are no arches in it, but flat pilasters instead of columns, small square windows, and a row of corbels projecting boldly from the wall, and a prominent cornice over it. These corbels were for the purpose of carrying the feet of the masts that supported the awning over the heads of the spectators in the galleries, and these masts passed through holes left for them in the cornice, as will be seen more plainly in Plate XII.