PART VIII. THE AQUEDUCTS. THE ARCHÆOLOGY OF ROME, BY JOHN HENRY PARKER, C.B. HON. M.A. OXON., F.S.A. LOND.; KEEPER OF THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND ARCHÆOLOGY, OXFORD; VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE OXFORD ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND OF THE BRITISH AND AMERICAN ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ROME; MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, MEMBRE DE LA SOCIETÉ FRANÇAISE D’ARCHÉOLOGIE, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS, AND OF VARIOUS ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETIES, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN. THE AQUEDUCTS. =OXFORD:= JAMES PARKER AND CO. =LONDON:= JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE-STREET. 1876. [Illustration] THE AQUEDUCTS. PREFACE TO THE AQUEDUCTS. It is impossible to understand the archæology of Rome without studying the Aqueducts. In every part of the City, and of the country round it, there are remains of them; they are frequently mistaken for something else, and called by other names, misleading those who have not given attention to the subject. They are necessarily mixed up with the _Thermæ_, for most of the aqueducts were made to bring water to those great establishments. There was also a reservoir of water supplied by the aqueducts under each of the palaces, larger houses and villas, as may be seen in many parts of the Palatine, under the palaces of the Cæsars. In their original state the Aqueducts must have been among the grandest objects in Rome, and the most conspicuous in all directions. The principal approach from the east passed between two fine arcades of the aqueducts, one carrying three of them, the other two. These two fine arcades were not more than a hundred yards apart; all the great roads from the eastern side were brought into this space, and certainly, for the last mile into Rome, must have had one of these arcades on either hand: to the left, or south, the Claudian arcade, fifty feet high; to the right, the Marcian, thirty feet high.