IMP . CAESAR . VESPASIANVS AVGVST . PONTIF . MAX . TRIB. POT. I̅I̅. IMP. V̅I̅. COS. I̅I̅I̅. DESIG. I̅I̅I̅I̅. P.P AQVAS CVRTIAM ET CAERVLEAM PERDVCTAS A DIVO CLAVDIO . ET POSTEA INTERMISSAS DILAPSASQVE PER ANNOS NOVEM . SVA IMPENSA VRBI RESTITVIT. IMP . T. CAESAR DIVI F. VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS . TRIBVNIC POTESTATE X. IMPERATOR X̅V̅I̅I̅. PATER PATRIAE . CENSOR . COS . V̅I̅I̅I̅. AQVAS CVRTIAM ET CAERVLEAM PERDVCTAS A DIVO CLAVDIO ET POSTEA A DIVO VESPASIANO PATRE SVO VRBI RESTITVTAS . CVM A CAPITE AQVARVM A SOLO VETVSTATE DILAPSAE ESSENT . NOVA FORMA REDVCENDAS SVA IMPENSA CVARVIT. (Orelli, vol. i. p. 77, Nos. 54-56.) These inscriptions shew that considerable repairs were made by Vespasian and Titus to the Claudian aqueducts; and these repairs were continued by their successors, Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian. Many parts and branches belong to the time of these Emperors. [142] Vide “Delle vere Sorgenti dell’ Acqua Marcia,” &c., “trattato di Fabio Gori.” Roma, 1866. An admirable map shewing the sources and the line of each of the Aqueducts, has been made for me under the direction of the author. [143] Frontinus (c. 15) gives the length of the _specus_ of the Anio Novus as 58 miles and 700 _passus_; add to this the length of the Piscina Limaria and of the three lakes, and we have the distance of 62 miles from Rome for this aqueduct. [144] “Qui colles, (mons Cœlius et Aventinus,) priusquam Claudia perduceretur, utebantur Marcia et Julia. Sed postquam Nero Imperator Claudiam, opere arcuato altius exceptam, usque ad templum Divi Claudii perduxit, ut inde distribueretur, priores non ampliatæ, sed omissæ sunt: nulla enim castella adjecit, sed iisdem usus est, quorum, quamvis mutata aqua, vetus appellatio permansit.” (Frontinus, c. 76) [145] The large square part of the Cœlian Hill, with scarped cliffs round three sides of it and part of the fourth, which had probably been originally the _arx_ or citadel of the Cœlian when that was a separate fortress, and on which Claudius erected some great public building with a temple, is marked on the modern maps of Rome as a _castellum aquæ_: this is an exaggeration. A _specus_ runs along the western side opposite to the Palatine in the wall, and goes straight towards the Colosseum, and there are remains of a piscina of the first century at the north-west corner of the Claudium, near the Colosseum, and the Meta Sudans; but this is at a low level, and does not agree with there being a large reservoir under the whole of that space.