A proper history of Provence has unfortunately not yet been written. A short account, derived from various sources, of the state of the country from early times and during the Middle Ages is therefore prefixed to the description of the Monuments, so as to explain the historical conditions under which the Architecture of Provence was developed, and to show its connection with that of other countries and times. The author has to acknowledge the valuable aid he has received from the excellent notes on the Architecture of the country by Prosper Mérimée in his “Voyage dans les Midi de la France” (1835),--a work which, even at the early date of its publication, anticipated many of the results more recently arrived at. The comprehensive and invaluable “Dictionnaire Raisonné” of Viollet-le-Duc has also been of much service, and is frequently referred to. Most of the illustrations are from drawings and measurements made by the author on the spot, and these generally bear his initials. But where thought advisable for fuller illustration some of the drawings are taken from photographs; from Henry Révoil’s beautiful work on the “Architecture Romane du Midi de la France” (1873); and a few from other sources as mentioned in the text. Special thanks are due to Professor Baldwin Brown for his kindness in revising the proof sheets, and for the valuable suggestions he has made. EDINBURGH, _October 1888_. ERRATA. Page vi. line 11 from bottom, _for_ “les” _read_ “le” “ 5, “ 10 “ top, “ “two thousand” “ “three thousand.” “ 27, “ 1 “ “ no ( “ 36, “ 7 “ bottom, _for_ “Carée” “ “Carrée.” “ 93, “ 12 “ “ “ “Dioeletian” “ “Diocletian.” “ 126, “ 4 “ “ “ “length” “ “width.” “ 128, Title, Fig. 41, “ “FETES” “ “TETES.” “ 147, line 7 from bottom, “ “apartmnts” “ “apartments.” “ 194, Title of Fig. 97, “ “ST CÉSAIRE” “ “ST TROPHIME.” “ 211, “ 20 from top, “ “dypticks” “ “dyptichs.” “ 212, “ 14 “ bottom, “ “Jocobi” “ “Jacobi.” “ 221, “ 6 “ top, “ “bonnded” “ “bounded.” “ 462, “ 12 “ bottom, “ “shews” “ “shew.” TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. INTRODUCTORY. The Architecture of South of France comparatively little known, 1; contrast of North and South in climate, buildings, &c., 3; Provence a very ancient and independent State, 4; and scene of important historical events, 5. II. EARLY HISTORY OF PROVENCE, AND ITS CONDITION DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.