I do not hesitate, however, in destroying a pulp to-day so much as I did some years ago, when we were taught to believe that the devitalizing of an exposed pulp was almost a certain forerunner to the total destruction of the tooth. There has been a radical change in that theory, Dr. Atkinson, of New York, has written a paper in which he speaks of the amputation of a pulp. If I remember rightly, he claims that you may amputate a pulp up to the bifurcation of the roots, that it is good surgery and it will live. I do not agree with him; and yet when I have been trying to destroy pulps up in the canals, I have sometimes thought they would live, no matter what you did to them. I do not hesitate to destroy pulps to-day, because we have such an excellent knowledge of the structure of the tooth, and we now know that simply because the pulp is lost we must not suppose the tooth to be entirely dead, but there is still life from the membranes of the root. So I am now inclined to cap only those pulps which present the best conditions for capping. If a pulp presents any symptoms of congestion or inflammation, I believe you had better dispatch it at once, in order to give the best results to the patient, but I am not a believer in the wholesale destroying of pulps. I believe, gentlemen, in conservative treatment. DR. EDDY:—Mr. President and Gentlemen: I am a firm believer in treating exposed pulps, with arsenious acid. I have tried almost everything else during the last fifteen years and have found nothing that will especially preserve the life of a pulp. I have had cases apparently benefited by some kinds of treatment; but I think it has been due fully as much to the temperament of the patient and general condition of health. I believe that oxyphosphate will destroy a pulp just as surely as arsenic, only not as soon. I believe this because I used it nearly eight years, and have seen some of the results. I have also had cases where I have used oxyphosphate of zinc underneath amalgam fillings, as a cement, a non-conductor, but not in direct contact with the pulp, and the pulps have died, and I laid it to the oxyphosphate of zinc. Of course, I have had my experience with fresh exposure, which I suppose was due to my being a graduate, and in those cases I think I have had good results by doing nothing more than touching the exposed pulp with carbolic acid and packing gold directly over that, and it seemed to work very well. I have tried almost everything that has come before us; and in those cases of exposure resulting from decay, or even in cases where there is no exposure, but a zone of softened tissue remains, which is liable to break down, I think it will give the patient the most satisfaction to devitalize the pulp. It may be a little more painful at first, but it is better than having the neuralgia every now and then for from one to five years and then destroy the pulp.