All who have attempted the third class have made many failures. When there is a fracture extending from the centre of the root, running down to the process border in a slant, no crown can with any satisfaction be properly adjusted, owing to this movable portion of the root. Were this portion removed, the root would be placed in a position impossible to crown. Then again, in case the crown is successfully placed, how long will it last? Probably not more than a year. There is bound to be a decaying of the root at the site of the fracture. From decay, that fractured piece will soon become loosened, and the chances are that it will in some way work its way out, and as a result, there is a cup to accumulate food, which will cause, later on, a very offensive odor. A case of this kind cannot be ferrelled without the results already mentioned. Should the root be split down through its centre, then a crown could be used without fear of any bad results, by bracing the root with a strong ferrell made of platinum, letting it extend down to the process border, thus avoiding the possibility of any secretions getting in between the fractured parts. The difference between the two cases can very readily be seen. In one case, there is a loose, disconnected piece of tooth structure only held in place by the membrane surrounding it. In the other case, there are two firm parts which are firmly held in place by their bony socket. These three classes of roots are being crowned day after day by men who are considered competent practitioners, and their only success is the satisfaction of knowing that they retained the root, or roots, for six months or a year's time. These are only some of the abuses of crown work, to say naught of teeth which could be properly filled, that are sacrificed for crowns which can never take the place of teeth properly filled. Bridge work has taken the place of gold plates to a certain extent. Still, however good a thing it may be, it also is greatly abused. In my mind, a bridge is not a practical dentiture when it has to span the entire arch supported only by three or four roots, or, say teeth. It has no superiority over a gold plate in such a case, because the latter can be kept clean, while the former can not, and the best of bridges must be removed at times to be reset. The chief objection to a full case of bridge is its becoming loose, which is no doubt caused by the unbalanced movement of the roots, as pressure or weight cannot be brought to bear upon three spans surmounting four pieces at the same time; one piece will surely give way to the undue strain.