The skull of a Celtic ox (_bos longifrons_) showed portions of skin in a petrified condition still adherent, and there was also half the lower jaw of a calf. In the clay were found portions of a stag's antlers of great size, somewhat softened by exposure to moisture. Although no human bones have so far been met with, the signs of man's presence were conclusive, and that probably during the ancient British and Roman periods. One antler had been divided, and the tip smoothed and sharply-pointed; another was shaped, apparently for use as a spear head; and close at hand a small carved bone ornament, much blackened, and some bits of bronze were found. We know that fires were made in the cave, for fragments of charcoal are preserved in the stalagmite. The specimens of pottery are unfortunately much broken, but examples of Romano-British and also of Samia ware have been identified by Prof. Boyd-Dawkins, also pieces of hand-made pottery. Dr. Shaw said that what had been exhibited by Mr. Hooton referred us back to that almost eternity of the past when the limestone was formed in which these caves are now found—a time before the appearance of vertebrate animals. And even when, inconceivable ages after it was formed, the limestone had risen from the shallow seas and became a part of the dry land, these caves must have been formed in it at a date so remote as to be almost incomprehensible to our mental grasp. And they had undoubtedly been, from a time of which we have no record down to clearly historical times, the homes of animals—man included. Many of these animals have, in only comparatively recent times, become extinct. In many of these caves, however, are to be found remains that show they have been the homes of animals now only to be found in hot climates, but were able to roam far north of their present habitations at that period when this island formed part of a great continent which was connected with Africa, and possessed an altogether different temperature than at present. The ruder kind of pottery to which Mr. Hooton referred are probably of Neolithic origin. In regard to the ornaments and better class of pottery found in these caves, it shows they have been at some time inhabited by a race greatly superior to the ancient riverdrift and cave-men, and their still later Neolithic inhabitants; and there can be no doubt they were the places in which the Celtic and Roman element sought refuge at the time of the fierce Saxon invasion.