The second case is that of a right inferior second molar, a root filled with gutta-percha being allowed to fill pulp chamber, on which was placed a gold filling, February 20, 1878. In 1887 the gentleman complained of discomfort, but it was sometime before the cause was ascertained. The tooth had been split through its antero-posterior length, the fracture terminating nine-sixteenths of an inch below the point of the crown, on the lingual side. The fractured piece was removed, and the gum pressed out by means of gutta-percha, to give a better view of the remaining root. It was finally decided to attempt to restore the tooth by means of a band and crown. The fragment removed was used as a model from which dies were made, on which was struck a piece representing the lost part, having extensions sufficiently long to encircle the remains of the crown. This, when adjusted in position, was partly filled up on the inside with gutta-percha. A porcelain cusp crown was then arranged to antagonize the superior teeth. For a time everything seemed to go well. A little inflammation about the margin of the gum upon the lingual side instead of decreasing, suddenly grew worse, and pus was formed at the point of division of the roots. This finally yielded to treatment, and now the tooth is apparently in perfect health. The cause of this fracture appears to have been elasticity of the gutta-percha, under the pressure of the gold filling. Case 3:—E. W., a boy of nineteen years of age, had broken a point off the right superior central incisor, not quite exposing the nerve, which subsequently died. The accident occurred some five years previous to his visit to me. The canal was found large and funnel-shaped, and was treated in the following manner: The lower portion was enlarged a trifle more than the diameter at the apex. A piece of lead was then introduced, and found to extend to the top by accurate measurement. In order to produce an accurate adaptation of the lead to the surrounding walls at the apex, the lead was reduced with fine sandpaper, the scratches of the sand being parallel to the long axis of the tooth. When the lead was forced into place, these fine ridges could be seen to be flattened when examined with a magnifying glass, and an adjustment continued in this manner, until the lead was found to close the apical foramen completely. The filling was completed with gutta-percha, and a porcelain crown was mounted upon the root. This has remained in a favorable condition up to the present time, about a year and a half.